Urinary System Dr. Yan Flashcards by Danielle Hayes

Where does the urinary system originate from?

intermediate mesoderm

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What are the three successive kidneys?

pronephros
mesonephros
metanephros

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Where does the pronephros come from and is it functional?

cervical region, non functional

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How long does the pronephros exist for?

only during week 4

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When does the mesonephros appear and disappear?

appears at week 4 and disappears at end of 2 months (except for mesonephric duct in males)

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Where does the mesonephros com form?

thoracolumbar

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When does the metanephros appear?

week 5

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which kidney is the definitive kidney?

metanephros

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Which kidney is the inducer?

mesonephros

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Where does the mesonephros kidney originate from?

intermediate mesoderm

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Describe the process occurring at week 4 starting with the excretory tubule?

excretory tubule-> glomerulus and bowman’s corpuscle= renal corpuscle-> mesonephric (Wolffian) duct

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What does the renal corpuscle turn into during week 4?

mesonephric duct

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What does the urogential ridge begin to turn into at the 2nd month?

gonads

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By the end of the 2nd month, (blank) in the males go to ejaculatory duct and females disappear

mesonephric ducts

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Is the second kidney functional?

yes

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When does the metanephros (definitive kidney) appear?

week 5

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Ureteric bud outgrown from the mesonephric duct penetrate metanephric tissue and induces (blank)

metanephric blastema (from intermediate mesoderm).

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the ureteric bud continues to divide to form what?

ureter, renal pelvis, major and minor calyces, and collecting tubules

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when do you get the creation of the ureter and renal pelvis?

6th week

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When do you get the creation of the minor and major calyxes?

7th week

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When do you get the creation of the collecting tubules?

newborn

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What make the renal pyramids?

collecting tubules

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What is formed by the metanephric mesoderm induced by ureteric bud?

filtration system

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What is the filtration system formed by?

metanephric mesoderm induced by uretic bud

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Describe the formation of the filtration system?

metanephric tissue cap-> renal vesicles-> s-shaped tubule-> capillaries grow into-> glomeruli

What is the excretory unit?

nephron

What creates the metanephric tissue caps?

the endothelium secretes signals to induce formation of the mesenchymal cells to turn into metanephric tissue caps

kidney development is dependent upon (blank).

epithelial mesenchymal interactions

(blank), expressed in mesenenchyme, stimulate branching and growth of the ureteric bud.

growth factors

What is this? | cyst formation from collecting tubules; renal failure in infancy or childhood

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

What is this? | cyst formation from all segments of the nephron, no renal failure until adulthood

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

What is caused by early splitting of the ureteric bud?

duplication of ureter

Does partial splitting or complete splitting of the ureter ever occur?

yes

The earlier the splitting occurs, the more likely you will get (blank) split which is much more severe

complete

What is an ectopic ureter opening?

ureter connected to inappropriate area

With growht, (blank) ascends and (blank) descends

kidney, gonads

Initially you have only one entry into the cloacal what is it?

mesonephric duct

As the metanephric duct forms and grows what happens to the mesonephric system?

majority of it degenerates with some remnants in contact with the gonad remaining

the (blank) of the urogenital sinus will form the prostate

mesenchyme

What is the ascent of the kidney caused by?

decreased body curvature and by growth of the body in the lumbar and sacral regions

Where do kidney form in?

pelvis

If kidney fuse and get stuck on inferior mesenteric artery, what arises?

a horshoe kidney

If you have a horseshoe kidney what will it get stuck on?

inferior mesenteric artery.

(blank) divides into urogenital sinus (anterior) and the anal canal (posterior) by urorectal septum.

Cloaca

Cloaca divides into urogenital sinus (anterior) and the anal canal (posterior) by (blank) septum.

urorectal

What is the structural opening of the urinary, intestinal and reproductive systems

cloaca

What are the three division of the urogenital sinus?

upper, pelvic, and lower phallic part

What part of the urogenial sinus is the largest, and the bladder is here?

upper

What part of the urogenital sinus has the prostatic and membranous parts of the urethra?

pelvic part

What part of the urogenital sinus differs between two sexes?

lower phallic part (penile urethra, female urethra)

What does the urogenital sinus turn into?

urinary bladder and definitive sinus

Where are the mesonephric ducts absorbed?

into the bladder wall

Mesonephric ducts are absorbed into the bladder wall, off of the mesonephric ducts the (blank) forms. Then the ureter then moves and enters the (blank) separately.

ureter | bladder

Which direction does the newly formed ureter travel?

cranially

(blank) move lower to enter urethra where prostate forms and ducts become ejaculatory ducts in males.

mesonpehric ducts

parts of ducts incorporated in bladder forms (blank) area of the bladder

trigone

Both mesonephric ducts and ureters originate from the (blank)

mesoderm

The mucosa of the bladder formed by the incorporatio of the ducts is also (blank)

mesodermal

With times, the mesodermal lining of the trigone is replaced by (blank)

endodermal epithelium

What are three major bladder defects?

urachal fistula exstrophy of the bladder epispadias

What is a the remnant of a short term connection from the bladder to the umbilicus?

Urcharus or old allantois

What is the old allantois/urachus of the bladder to umbilicus specifically named?

the median umbilical ligament

What happens if the allantois of the uracha persists?

a urachal fistula forms

What is it called if only a local area of of allantois persists resulting in cystic dilation?

urachal cyst

What is it called if the upper part of the allantois persists?

urachal sinus

What is a sign of urachal fistula??

urine drains from umbilicus

(blank) is a malformation in which the urethra opens on the dorsum of the penis; frequently associated with exstrophy of the bladder.

Epispadias

What is a constant feature of exstrophy of the bladder?

epispadias

What is exstrophy of the bladder?

it is a ventral body wall defect where the bladder mucosa is exposed

A lack of mesodermal migration into the region between the umbilicus and genital tubercle, followed by rupture of the thin layer of ectoderm results in what?

exstrophy of the bladder