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Block 2 Week 5 > Body Fluid Compartments > Flashcards

Body Fluid Compartments Flashcards

1
Q

When you have water deprivation what happens?

A

increase plasma osmolarity-> stimulates osmoreceptors in anterior hypothalamus-> increase secretion of ADH from posterior pituitary-> increases water permeability of late distal tubule and collecting duct-> increases water reabsorption-> increase urine osmolarity and decreases urine volume-> decreases plasma osmolarity toward normal

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2
Q

What happens when you have water intake?

A

Decrease plasma osmolarity-> decrease ADH-> decrease water reabsorption-> decrease urine osmolarity and increases urine volume-> increases plasma osmolarity towards normal

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3
Q

How do you measure fluid compartments?

A

quantity of tracer/ concentration of tracer

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4
Q

What is the typical percent of water out of total body weight? What can decrease this number?

A

~60%

being really fat

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5
Q

What is the eqn for intracellular fluid volume?

A

Total body water-EFV

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6
Q

What is the eqn for blood volume?

A

plasma volume/ (1-hct)

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7
Q

What is the eqn for interstitial fluid volume?

A

EFV-PV

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8
Q

What do you use to find Plasma volume?

A

Albumin levels

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9
Q

What percent of water is inside cells?
Outside cells?
Total water in your body?

A

40%
20%
60% of your body weight is water

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10
Q

Na is essentially a (blank) ion

A

extracellular

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11
Q

K is essentially a (blank) ion

A

intracellular

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12
Q

The intracellular compartment behaves as a perfect (blank)

A

osmometer (measures oncotic pressure)

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13
Q

typically the ICF and ECF have the same what?

A

osmolality of 300 mOsm/L H20

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14
Q

What happens when you have overhydration?

A

Increase ECF volume

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15
Q

What happens when you have isotonic overhydration (careless admin. of saline)?

A

expand ECF volume

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16
Q

What happens when you have hypertonic overhydration?

A

expansion of ECF with hypertonic solution, water shifts from ICF into ECF. Increase in ECF, decrease in ICF, increased osmolality in both ECF & ICF.
i. Drinking sea water

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17
Q

What happens when you have hypotonic overhydration?

A

increase in volume of both ECF and ICF compartments and thus a decrease in osmolality in both compartments.
i. Compulsive water drinking

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18
Q

What happens when you have dehydration?

A

decrease in ECF volume

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19
Q

What happens when you have isotonic dehydration?

A

reduction in ECF volume i. -Hemorrhage

20
Q

What happens when you have hypotonic dehydration?

A

water moves into ICF increasing ICF fluid, decreasing ECF and decreasing osmolality of both.

i. Adrenal cortical insufficiency (Addison’s disease)
1) Not enough aldosterone- lose salt

21
Q

What happens when you have hypertonic dehydration?

A

loss in water from ECF, so water moves from ICF into ECF, decreasing volume in both compartments, osmolality increase in both compartments because of loss in water.

i. Lost In desert without access to water
1) Loss of water through sweat (no salt loss)
ii. Diabetes insepidus (lack ADH)

22
Q

Departure from normal (Blank) suggests there are disturbances in fluid balance. But this CAN remain normal with (blank) (overadmin of IV or hemmorage). It can also decrease with (blank) like water intoxication or addisons disease.

A

extracellular Na
volume disturbances
dehydration or overhydration

23
Q

Extracellular Na can increase with (blank) or (blank).

How do you distinguish between these cases of hypernatremia?

A

overhydration or dehydration

Via plasma proteins!

24
Q

If you have hypernatremia due to overhydration what will happen to your plasma protein levels?

A

Decrease (think salt water)

25
Q

If you have hypernatremia due to dehydration what will happen to your plasma protein levels?

A

Increase (think lost in desert)

26
Q

If a healthy individual loses 2 liters of sweat and simultaneously drinks 2 liters of pure water what will occur?

A

You will have a net loss of salt which will decrease plasma osmolarity, decrease intracellular osmolarity, decrease extracellular volume, increase intracellular volume and decrease total solute content in the body
(SAME AS ADDISONS disease!)

27
Q

Urine flow and sweat have what kind of relationship?

A

inversely proportional

28
Q

Water (blank) is essential

A

homeostasis

29
Q

What is the rate of loss of water in the GI tract?

A

8200 ml/day

30
Q

Regulation of plasma osmolality is done via what??

A

ADH and thirst

31
Q

When blood volume is low or the concentration of solutes in the blood is high. The hypothalamus will senses this low blood volume and increase in serum osmolality and synthesizes (blank).

A

ADH which acts on kidney to promote reabsorption of water

32
Q

Besides creating ADH, what else does the hypothalamus/pituitary do?

A

stimulates thirst to alter drinking behavior and increase H20 intake

33
Q

When ADH and thirst increase, what happens to plasma osmolality?

A

it decreases

34
Q

If you have decreased plasma osmolality what do your hypothalamic osmoreceptors do?

A

these receptors regulate the release of ADH from the hypothalamus/pituitary, so in the case of low osmolality they tell the H/P to stop producing ADH and stimulating thirst

35
Q

In the equation Cosm= (Uosm X V)/ (Posm)

what remains constant?

A

Cosm and Posm

36
Q

In the case of an (blank) urine, the water in the plasma which was “cleared” of particles actually accompanied the particles into the urine (v=Cosm)

A

isotonic

37
Q

In the case of a (blank) urine the volume of plasma “cleared” of osmotically active particles is significantly less than the total volume flow of urine.

A

dilute urine

38
Q

Which has a reduced flow rate:

dilute urine or concentrated urine?

A

concentrated urine

39
Q

If you have very dilute urine what will you change to maintain a constant Cosm?

A

your flow rate will increase

40
Q

What is the equation for urine flow?

A

Urine flow= osmotic clearance + free water clearance

V= Cosm+CH20

41
Q

The more dehydrated your urine the more (blank) your CH20 will be

A

negative

42
Q

The more hydrated your urine the more (blank) your Ch20 will be

A

positive

43
Q

For an isotonic solution what will your CH20 equal?

A

zero, thus your V=Cosm

44
Q

a negative number indicates (blanK)

A

reabsorption

45
Q

(blank) blocks the creation of free water

A

furosemide

Block 2 Week 5 (7 decks)

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