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Honors Anatomy Sem. 2 > Urinary System and Muscles > Flashcards

Urinary System and Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What system does the kidney belong to?

A

urinary

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2
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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3
Q

where does the urine collect before released?

A

bladder

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4
Q

what substance is reabsorbed the most?

A

water

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5
Q

what substance negatively affects the re absorption of water?

A

alcohol

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6
Q

what type of joint is at the elbow?

A

hinge

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7
Q

example of a saddle joint

A

thumb

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8
Q

what is found at the joints that smoothes and lubricates the motion?

A

cartilage or synovial fluid

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9
Q

where might you find immobile joints?

A

skull/pelvic girdle

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10
Q

what type of joint has the greatest range of motion?

A

ball and socket

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11
Q

how might myosin be easily described?

A

thick filaments

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12
Q

what passes through the neuron and muscle at neuromuscular junctions?

A

neurotransmitters

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13
Q

what ion is released as a signal being sent?

A

calcium

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14
Q

Where are the ions stored?

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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15
Q

what configurative grip do you have after death?

A

rigor mortis

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16
Q

what hormone is required to regulate fluid in the urine?

A

ADH

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17
Q

first step of urine formation

A

filtration

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18
Q

what is not passed through the nephron and stays in the blood stream

A

red blood cells and white cells

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19
Q

what disease is when excess sugar is found in the blood?

A

diabetes

20
Q

what organs sit north of the kidneys?

A

adrenal glands

21
Q

what attaches muscle to bone?

A

tendons

22
Q

what do skeletal and cardiac muscle have that smooth muscle doesn’t?

A

striations

23
Q

what kind of action do the biceps do?

A

flexor

24
Q

what do you use to measure joint angles?

A

goniometer

25
Q

Please provide 3 reasons why an individual might have a different range of motion at a joint than you.

A
  1. activities they participate in
  2. age
  3. gender
  4. injury
26
Q

tendons

A

connect muscles to bone

27
Q

ligaments

A

connect bones to bones

28
Q

origin

A

static bone

29
Q

insertion

A

bone that the muscle moves

30
Q

Why not continuously just do one exercise for one muscle?

A

injury and the muscles will plateau

31
Q

How do you know the function of a muscle just by looking at its anatomy?

A

striations

32
Q

What solution should have shortened the muscle the most in our lab?

A

the ATP solution

33
Q

A tear/strain is when the muscles are?

A

too long

34
Q

if your muscle are too short, what happens?

A

you can’t move very far

35
Q

alcohol does what to ADH?

A

neutralizes it

36
Q

A person with urine that has a sweet, fruity odor, acidic pH, tests positive on the Benedict’s test (for sugar) and has crystals present probably suffers from

A

diabetes

37
Q

A person with darker urine that has red blood cells visible under a microscope, a positive Biuret test (for proteins), and an acidic pH likely has

A

chronic kidney failure

38
Q

A person with cloudy urine who is negative for all other test except a basic (alkaline) pH and the presence of white blood cells likely has

A

a urinary tract infection

39
Q

The shoulder and hip are best described as what type of joints?

A

ball and socket

40
Q

the elbow and knee are best described as what type of joint?

A

hinge

41
Q

A Condyloid (Ellipsoidal) joint is best seen where?

A

carpals (?)

42
Q

A pivot joint is best seen where?

A

top of the neck

43
Q

The trapezius muscle between your shoulder and neck most specifically performs what type of movement on the arm?

A

elevation

44
Q

difference between adduction and abduction

A

adduction- movement towards the midline

abduction- movement away from the midline

45
Q

The lab performed in the section about joints most specifically measured the ______ at joints.

A

range of motion

46
Q

The joints at each of the finger knuckles most likely are called _______ joints.

A

hinge (?)

Honors Anatomy Sem. 2 (5 decks)

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