Joints Flashcards
Flexion
the action of bending to decrease the angle between articulating bones
Extension
increasing the angle of articulating bones
hyperextension
the extension of the leg beyond its normal limits
dorsiflexion
backwards flexion or bending
plantarflexion
forwards flexion or bending
abduction
The movement of a limb away from the mid-line of the body
Adduction
movement towards the mid-line of the body. also inwards and across the body
Depression
the downward movement of structures of the body
Elevation
the upward movement of structures of the body
Rotation
the movement in which something revolves around a single long axis
3 reasons why ROMS can vary
age, gender, flexibility, activities
Distinguishing characteristics of synovial joints
- where the bones join, they are covered in articular cartilage
- they allow for movement
- synovial fluid separates and lubricates the two bones that are covered in cartilage
6 types of synovial joints
- gliding
- condyloid
- saddle
- hinge
- ball and socket
- pivot
Gliding
allow for smooth movement on a plane. (carpal bones of wrist)
Condyloid
the bones move past each other on an irregular surface. (radiocarpal joint in wrist)
saddle
the two bones fit together in a way thats like a rider in a saddle. this way it can bend without sliding. (thumb joint)
Hinge
hinged joints between two bones. it lets the bones have flexibility without sliding (elbow joint)
Ball and socket
Lets the bones move stably without slipping in several directions. they are very stable and strong
Pivot Joints
rotational movement happens without gliding and turning without bending. (Joint in between first and second vertebra)
