Urinary System Flashcards
urine-forming structure of the kidney
nephron
region of the kidney deep to cortex; contains collecting ducts
renal medulla
extensions of renal cortex found in between renal pyramids
renal columns
urine flowing through this structure drains into a minor calyx
papillary ducts
located between renal fascia and renal capsule
adipose capsule
apex of renal pyramid
renal papilla
urine flowing through this structure drains into the renal pelvis
major calyx
vertical fissure in concave surface of kidney through which blood vessels and ureters pass
renal hilum
covers outer surface of kidney
renal capsule
dense irregular connective tissue that covers the adipose capsule and attaches the kidney to the abdominal wall
renal fascia
receives urine from the major calyces
renal pelvis
space within kidney that is adjacent to renal medulla, contains calyces and renal pelvis
renal sinus
cup-like structure that is located in renal sinus that receives urine from openings of papillary ducts
minor calyx
cone-shaped structures located within renal medulla
renal pyramids
outermost region of the kidney, contains renal corpuscles
renal cortex
detrusor muscle is the main muscle for this structure
urinary bladder
region of male urethra that passes through the prostate gland
prostatic urethra
two openings on posterior urinary bladder wall
ureteral openings
region of male urethra that passes through penis
spongy urethra
area bounded by ureteral openings and internal urethral orifice
trigone
voluntary skeletal muscle in urogenital diaphragm that allows passage of urine to exterior of body
external urethral sphincter
carries urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder
ureter
urine is excreted through this opening
external urethral orifice
circular smooth muscle that involuntarily controls passage of urine from the urinary bladder to the urethra
internal urethral sphincter
anterior opening in urinary bladder that leads into urethra
internal urethral orifice
region of male urethra that passes through urogenital diaphragm
membranous urethra
blood vessel that delivers blood to glomerulus
afferent arteriole
blood from the efferent arteriole flows into this capillary bed
peritubular capillary bed
structure that surrounds glomerulus and collects filtrate
glomerular (Bowmans) capsule
section of renal tubule that descends into medulla
descending loop of Henle
capillary network within the renal corpuscle
glomerulus
structure composed of glomerulus and glomerular capsule
renal corpuscle
blood vessel that drains blood from glomerulus
efferent arteriole
capillary loops that extend from the efferent arteriole and run along loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons
vasa recta
Urine formation and flow 1-14
- glomerulus
- capsular space
- proximal convoluted tubule
- loop of Henle
- distal convoluted tubule
- collecting duct
- papillary duct
- minor calyx
- major calyx
- renal pelvis.
- ureter
- urinary bladder
- urethra
- external urethral orifice
Blood flow through the kidneys 1-13
- Renal artery
- segmental artery
- interlobar artery
- arcuate artery
5 . interlobular artery - afferent arteriole
- glomerular capillary
- efferent arteriole
- peritubular capillaries/vasa recta
- interlobular vein
- arcuate vein
- interlobar vein
- renal vein
reabsorption of additional 15% of water by osmosis. Impermeable to solutes
descending LOH
hormones determine if urine is concentrated
ADH
filters blood and forms filtrate
renal corpuscle
reabsorption of majority of water and solutes from filtrated by active and passive processes. also secretion occurs here
PCT
Reabsorption of more sodium, chloride, and about 10-15% more water
DCT
Reabsorption of sodium, and chloride deceases the osmolarity of filtrate. Nearly impermeable to water.
ascending LOH
Hormone that increases sodium and chloride ion reabsorption and potassium secretion
Aldosterone
Process of moving substances from renal tubule into the peritubular capillary
tubular reabsorption
ADH acts mainly at this portion of the nephron
collecting ducts
Process of moving substances from the peritubular capillary into renal tubule
secretion
process occurring across wall of glomerular capillary and visceral layer of glomerular capsule
filtration
the act of voiding (emptying) urinary bladder
micturition
hormone that increases water reabsorption in the late distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
ADH
Normal volume of urine output per day in an adult?
1-2 Liters
what is the normal colour of urine?
yellow/amber
what could make urine cloudy?
microbes
what is the normal specific gravity of urine?
1.001-1.035
what makes urine have a higher specific gravity than distilled water?
solutes
Five normal solutes found in urine?
- electrolytes
- urea
- creatinine
- uric acid
- metabolic end products
normal urine contains what percent water and solute
95% water and 5% water
is normal daytime urine output dilute or concentrated?
dilute
what is the normal pH of urine?
4.6-8
what is pyuria
white blood cells in urine
what is ketonuria
ketone bodies in the urine
what is hematuria
red blood cells in the urine
what is glucosuria
glucose i the urine
