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Biology 242 Midterm > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

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1
Q

urine-forming structure of the kidney

A

nephron

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2
Q

region of the kidney deep to cortex; contains collecting ducts

A

renal medulla

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3
Q

extensions of renal cortex found in between renal pyramids

A

renal columns

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4
Q

urine flowing through this structure drains into a minor calyx

A

papillary ducts

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5
Q

located between renal fascia and renal capsule

A

adipose capsule

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6
Q

apex of renal pyramid

A

renal papilla

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7
Q

urine flowing through this structure drains into the renal pelvis

A

major calyx

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8
Q

vertical fissure in concave surface of kidney through which blood vessels and ureters pass

A

renal hilum

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9
Q

covers outer surface of kidney

A

renal capsule

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10
Q

dense irregular connective tissue that covers the adipose capsule and attaches the kidney to the abdominal wall

A

renal fascia

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11
Q

receives urine from the major calyces

A

renal pelvis

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12
Q

space within kidney that is adjacent to renal medulla, contains calyces and renal pelvis

A

renal sinus

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13
Q

cup-like structure that is located in renal sinus that receives urine from openings of papillary ducts

A

minor calyx

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14
Q

cone-shaped structures located within renal medulla

A

renal pyramids

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15
Q

outermost region of the kidney, contains renal corpuscles

A

renal cortex

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16
Q

detrusor muscle is the main muscle for this structure

A

urinary bladder

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17
Q

region of male urethra that passes through the prostate gland

A

prostatic urethra

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18
Q

two openings on posterior urinary bladder wall

A

ureteral openings

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19
Q

region of male urethra that passes through penis

A

spongy urethra

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20
Q

area bounded by ureteral openings and internal urethral orifice

A

trigone

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21
Q

voluntary skeletal muscle in urogenital diaphragm that allows passage of urine to exterior of body

A

external urethral sphincter

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22
Q

carries urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder

A

ureter

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23
Q

urine is excreted through this opening

A

external urethral orifice

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24
Q

circular smooth muscle that involuntarily controls passage of urine from the urinary bladder to the urethra

A

internal urethral sphincter

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25
Q

anterior opening in urinary bladder that leads into urethra

A

internal urethral orifice

26
Q

region of male urethra that passes through urogenital diaphragm

A

membranous urethra

27
Q

blood vessel that delivers blood to glomerulus

A

afferent arteriole

28
Q

blood from the efferent arteriole flows into this capillary bed

A

peritubular capillary bed

29
Q

structure that surrounds glomerulus and collects filtrate

A

glomerular (Bowmans) capsule

30
Q

section of renal tubule that descends into medulla

A

descending loop of Henle

31
Q

capillary network within the renal corpuscle

A

glomerulus

32
Q

structure composed of glomerulus and glomerular capsule

A

renal corpuscle

33
Q

blood vessel that drains blood from glomerulus

A

efferent arteriole

34
Q

capillary loops that extend from the efferent arteriole and run along loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

A

vasa recta

35
Q

Urine formation and flow 1-14

A
  1. glomerulus
  2. capsular space
  3. proximal convoluted tubule
  4. loop of Henle
  5. distal convoluted tubule
  6. collecting duct
  7. papillary duct
  8. minor calyx
  9. major calyx
  10. renal pelvis.
  11. ureter
  12. urinary bladder
  13. urethra
  14. external urethral orifice
36
Q

Blood flow through the kidneys 1-13

A
  1. Renal artery
  2. segmental artery
  3. interlobar artery
  4. arcuate artery
    5 . interlobular artery
  5. afferent arteriole
  6. glomerular capillary
  7. efferent arteriole
  8. peritubular capillaries/vasa recta
  9. interlobular vein
  10. arcuate vein
  11. interlobar vein
  12. renal vein
37
Q

reabsorption of additional 15% of water by osmosis. Impermeable to solutes

A

descending LOH

38
Q

hormones determine if urine is concentrated

A

ADH

39
Q

filters blood and forms filtrate

A

renal corpuscle

40
Q

reabsorption of majority of water and solutes from filtrated by active and passive processes. also secretion occurs here

A

PCT

41
Q

Reabsorption of more sodium, chloride, and about 10-15% more water

A

DCT

42
Q

Reabsorption of sodium, and chloride deceases the osmolarity of filtrate. Nearly impermeable to water.

A

ascending LOH

43
Q

Hormone that increases sodium and chloride ion reabsorption and potassium secretion

A

Aldosterone

44
Q

Process of moving substances from renal tubule into the peritubular capillary

A

tubular reabsorption

45
Q

ADH acts mainly at this portion of the nephron

A

collecting ducts

46
Q

Process of moving substances from the peritubular capillary into renal tubule

A

secretion

47
Q

process occurring across wall of glomerular capillary and visceral layer of glomerular capsule

A

filtration

48
Q

the act of voiding (emptying) urinary bladder

A

micturition

49
Q

hormone that increases water reabsorption in the late distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

A

ADH

50
Q

Normal volume of urine output per day in an adult?

A

1-2 Liters

51
Q

what is the normal colour of urine?

A

yellow/amber

52
Q

what could make urine cloudy?

A

microbes

53
Q

what is the normal specific gravity of urine?

A

1.001-1.035

54
Q

what makes urine have a higher specific gravity than distilled water?

A

solutes

55
Q

Five normal solutes found in urine?

A
  • electrolytes
  • urea
  • creatinine
  • uric acid
  • metabolic end products
56
Q

normal urine contains what percent water and solute

A

95% water and 5% water

57
Q

is normal daytime urine output dilute or concentrated?

A

dilute

58
Q

what is the normal pH of urine?

A

4.6-8

59
Q

what is pyuria

A

white blood cells in urine

60
Q

what is ketonuria

A

ketone bodies in the urine

61
Q

what is hematuria

A

red blood cells in the urine

62
Q

what is glucosuria

A

glucose i the urine

Biology 242 Midterm (11 decks)

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