Digestive System Flashcards
The layer that contracts to churn food or move food along
muscularis
Layer consisting of a membrane that lines the body cavity that opens to the exterior; lines smooth muscle
mucosa
Areolar connective tissue layer located dee to the mucosa
submucosa
A serous membrane that is the external layer of the GI tract
serosa
Its only function is propulsion
esophagus
A continuous digestive tube from the mouth to the anus
Alimentary canal or GI tract
Conducts both air and food
Pharynx
Primary site of nutrient absorption: is composed of 3 sections
small intestine
Section of small intestine that receives bile, pancreatic secretions, and food from the stomach
duodenum
Churns food and begins protein digestion
stomach
Has two sphincters that control elimination of feces from the body
anus
Has regions called the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus
stomach
has regions called the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal
large intestine
Receives secretions from salivary glands; mastication occurs here
mouth/oral cavity
Finger-like extensions increasing surface area in the small intestine
Villi
Folds in the gastric mucosa
Rugae
Permanent deep ridges in the small intestine mucosa
Plicae circularis/circular folds
Sphincter valve between the stomach and duodenum
pyloric sphincter
Serous membrane that lines the abdominal wall
parietal peritoneum
Serous membrane that covers the abdominal organs
visceral peritoneum
Sphincter that connects the small and large intestine
ileocecal sphincter
Fluid that begins digestion of carbohydrates
saliva/salivary amylase
Bony plate between the mouth and nose
hard palate
Forms brush border; extensions of epithelial cell plasma membrane
microvilli
Keeps food and fluid from going up into the nasal cavity
soft palate
Area between lips and teeth
Vestibule
Region of the stomach where the lower esophageal sphincter meets the stomach
cardia
Has regions called ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
large intestine/colon
Narrowed region of the stomach before the small intestine
Pylorus
A series of gathered pouches in the large intestine
Haustra
Mechanically breaks up food during mastication
Teeth
Secretes enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids
Pancreas
Salivary glands located under the tongue with ducts that open in the floor of the mouth
sublingual
Produces and secretes bile into ducts
liver
Peritoneal membrane that holds the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
mesentery
The secretions of this gland join with bile to enter the duodenum
Pancreas
Peritoneal fold that holds the liver to the anterior abdominal wall
falciform ligament
Manipulates food in mastication
tongue
Fatty, large fold of peritoneum covering the transverse colon and small intestine
greater omentum
Largest salivary glands whose ducts open by the upper second molars
parotid gland
Stores and secretes bile into the duodenum
gallbladder
Peritoneal membrane that attaches the stomach and duodenum to the liver
lesser omentum
Salivary glands whose ducts open lateral to the lingual frenulum
submandibular
