Urinary System Flashcards

0
Q

How much cardiac output do the kidneys (combined) recieve?

A

20-25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Where are the kidneys located compared to the vertebrae?

A

Between T12 - L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the coverings of the kidneys from superficial to deep?

A

Renal fascia, adipose capsule, renal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of tissue comprises the renal fascia?

A

Dense irregular CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the internal layers of the kidney?

A

Cortical layer and medullary layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which layer contains a majority of the nephrons?

A

The cortical layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many nephrons does each kidney contain?

A

~1.25 million/kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the flow of blood from the abdominal aorta to the glomerulus.

A

Abdominal aorta -> renal artery -> segmental (lobar) arteries -> interlobar arteries -> arcuate arteries -> cortical radiate (interlobular) arteries -> afferent arterioles -> glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What nerves innervate the kidneys, what kind of fibers are they, and where do they come from?

A

Renal nerves, which are primarily postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior mesenteric ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of the renal corpuscle?

A

Filtration of blood, emptying into the tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the tubular system?

A

Turning filtrate into urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A

Cortical and juxtamedullary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the percentages of the two types of nephrons?

A

Cortical: 85%
Juxtamedullary: 15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are cortical nephrons located?

A

Almost entirely in the cortex of the kidney; their loops of Henle dip slightly into the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are juxtamedullary nephrons located?

A

They lie near the cortical-medullary junction; their loops of Henle deeply invade the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the relative function of cortical nephrons?

A

Perform more of the reabsorptive and secretory functions

16
Q

What is the relative function of juxtamedullary nephrons? How do they achieve this?

A

Produce more concentrated urine due to longer loops of Henle

17
Q

What structure is contained in Bowman’s capsule, and what s the name of the space?

A

The glomerulus, and Bowman’s space

18
Q

What is the glomerulus?

A

A tuft of “leaky” capillaries

19
Q

The fenenstrations of the glomerular capillaries retain what things? What do they allow to leak out?

A

Blood cells and larger proteins are kept; water and other solutes are released into the glomerular filtrate.

20
Q

What are the histological layers of Bowman’s capsule and where are they?

A

Parietal, which surrounds the outer wall of the capsule; visceral, which covers the glomerular capillaries

21
Q

What tissue is capsular epithelium (parietal layer) comprised of?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

22
Q

What layers are deep to the glomerular epithelium?

A

Lamina densa (basement membrane) and glomerular endothelium

23
Q

What cells make up the glomerular epithelium (visceral layer)?

24
What is the name of the processes of the glomerular epithelium? What are the openings called? What do they allow out?
Pedicels, which contain slit pores/filtration slits that allow the passage of dissolved ions and small organic molecules
25
Where does the filtrate in Bowman's space drain into?
Proximal convoluted tubule
26
What is the lining of the PCT?
Simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli