Urinary System

Question 1

Primarily responsible for removal of nitrogenous waste

Answer 1

Urinary System

Question 2

Major homeostatic organ

Answer 2

Kidney

Question 3

Forms part of the filtration membrane

Answer 3

glomerlous

Question 4

Forms part of the filtration membrane. Spaces between the foot processes form filtration slits

Answer 4

Visecral layer of the glomerlus capsule

Question 5

Forms the outside of the cuplike glomerural capsule. Plays NO role in filtration

Answer 5

Pariteal layer of glomerlus capsule

Question 6

Structures within the renal capsule

Answer 6

glomerulus, visecreal layer of glomerulus capsule, and pariteal layer of glomrulus capsule

Question 7

6 structures within renal tube

Answer 7

proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of the nephron loop, descending thin limb of the nephron loop, thick ascending limb of nephron loop, distal convulted tubule, collecting duct.

Question 8

Highly coiled first section of the renal tubule

Answer 8

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 9

First portion of nephron loop

Answer 9

Descending limb of nephron loop

Question 10

A continuation of the descending limb

Answer 10

Descending thin limb of a nephron loop

Question 11

The limb is thick

Answer 11

Ascending limb of nephron loop

Question 12

Coiled distal portion of tubule

Answer 12

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 13

Recieves filtrate from the DCT of multiple nephrons

Answer 13

Collecting duct

Question 14

Primary site of tubular reabsorption of water and solutes. Some secretion also ocurs here

Answer 14

Proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 15

Tubular reabsorption and secretion of water and solutes

Answer 15

Descending limb of nephron loop

Question 16

Very permeable to water. Water is reabsorbed, but no solutes are reabsorbed.

Answer 16

Descending thin limb of nephron loop

Question 17

Not permeable to water. Solutes are reabsorbed actiely and passively.

Answer 17

Ascending thick limb of nephron loop

Question 18

Some . reabsorption of water and solutes and secretion, which are regulaed to meet the bodys needs.

Answer 18

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 19

Some reabosrption and secretion to conserve body fluids, maintain blood pH, and regulate the solute concentrations

Answer 19

Collecting duct

Question 20

where are digestive and metabolic waste excreted into?

Answer 20

The small intestine

Question 21

Where is the CO2 from metabolism excreted?

Answer 21

The lungs

Question 22

what is produced when amino acids are processed/used for energy and must be removed from blood?

Answer 22

NH3

Question 23

When the amino group is removed before the processed amino acid can enter cellular respiration

Answer 23

deamination

Question 24

what is toxic amonia converted into?

Answer 24

urea

Question 25

what is water soluable that enters the blood into the kidneys ?

Answer 25

urea

Question 26

role of kidney tubule cells

Answer 26

filter blood, process urine, regulate pH, electrolyte and water levels

Question 27

carries urine from kidney to the bladder

Answer 27

ureters

Question 28

Stretches to hold urine, contracts to expel urine.

Answer 28

Urinary bladder

Question 29

Carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Answer 29

urethra

Question 30

The area where the ureters enter and the urethra exits

Answer 30

trigone

Question 31

the sphincter under involuntary control

Answer 31

internal sphincter

Question 32

the sphincter under voluntary control

Answer 32

external sphincter

Question 33

This is a short tube in females, just anterior to the vagina

Answer 33

urethra

Question 34

a shared urinary and reproductive system in males

Answer 34

urethra

Question 35

true or false: the urethra is a shared reproductive and urinary system in males

Answer 35

true

Question 36

this portion runs through the penis

Answer 36

spongy urethra

Question 37

surrounded by the prostate gland

Answer 37

prostatic urethra

Question 38

Which part of the kidney is filtrate reabsorbed

Answer 38

the cortex of kidney

Question 39

where is blood filtered in the kidney

Answer 39

the cortex

Question 40

carries urine down the calyces and into the renal pelvies

Answer 40

renal medulla

Question 41

true or false: water reabsorption also occurs in the medulla

Answer 41

true

Question 42

where do renal arteries branch off of?

Answer 42

the aorta

Question 43

collects blood from the interlobar veins and delivers it to the inferior vena cava

Answer 43

renal vein

Question 44

Where does the renal vein deliver the blood from the interlobar veins

Answer 44

the inferior vena cava

Question 45

run in between the medullary pyramids

Answer 45

interlobar veins

Question 46

interlobar veins run in between the

Answer 46

medullary pyramids

Question 47

arch over the pyramids between the cortex and medulla like their corresponding arteries

Answer 47

arcuate veins

Question 48

drain blood from capillaries into cortex

Answer 48

cortical radiate veins

Question 49

true or false- there are no segmental veins

Answer 49

true

Question 50

true or false- there are only segmental arteries, not veins

Answer 50

true

Question 51

ball of capillaries, filtration

Answer 51

glomerlulus

Question 52

drains the glomerlulus

Answer 52

efferent artriole

Question 53

branches off the cortical radiant artery in the cortex leading the balls of capillaries known as the glomerlulus

Answer 53

afferent artriole

Question 54

filter blood and reabsorb useful substances from subtrate

Answer 54

nephron

Question 55

what occurs between the glomerlus and glomerlus capsule

Answer 55

filtration

Question 56

what are the three main renal processes .

Answer 56

glomuluarl filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

Question 57

which arteriol has the larger diameter?

Answer 57

the afferent

Question 58

gaps in the capillaries make the glomerlus a leaky leaky ball of capillaries

Answer 58

fenestrations

Question 59

podocytes are part of what layer

Answer 59

visecreal layer of glomerulus

Question 60

outermost layer of glomerulus capsule

Answer 60

pariteal layer

Question 61

gaps between podocytes produce

Answer 61

filtration slits

Question 62

have microvilli and mitochondria to assist with reabsorption of valuable molecules by active transport. Most tubular reabsorption occurs here

Answer 62

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 63

loop of helene is also known as the

Answer 63

nephron loop

Question 64

exchanges small amount of water and NaCl

Answer 64

loop of henle (nephron loop)

Question 65

blood vessels produce a countercurrent mechanism that creates a salt gradiant in medulla

Answer 65

Loop of henle (nephron loop)

Question 66

accomplishes reabsorption on a small scale, secretes molecules H and Na into tubule

Answer 66

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 67

important in regulating water reabsorption

Answer 67

collecting ducts

Question 68

turns water reabsorption on and off

Answer 68

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 69

What would happen without ADH?

Answer 69

Water would stay stuck in the collecting duct

Question 70

With ADH, water gets reabsorbed where?

Answer 70

hypertonic medulla

Question 71

a drop in blood pressure or volume can trigger what

Answer 71

ADH

Question 72

What can inhibit ADH release

Answer 72

Drugs such as alcohol. They have a diaretic (causes increase urine output)

Question 73

What stimulates aldosterone release?

Answer 73

BP through the reninangiotensin mechanism

Question 74

What is needed to stimulate Na reabsorption by the distal and collecting tubules?

Answer 74

Aldosterone

Question 75

long-term bp homeostasis mechanism

Answer 75

Na+ reabsorption

Question 76

Triggers release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland

Answer 76

osmoreceptors

Question 77

substances that cant be suffiently reabsorbed from the nephron,

Answer 77

osmotic diaretics

Question 78

How much does the bladder fill when you feel the need to urinate?

Answer 78

200-300 ml

Question 79

What happens when you feel the need to urinate

Answer 79

parasympathetic fibers stimulate contraction of the bladder muscle, and relaxation of the sphincter muscles. If there is a higher level of control, the EXTRERNAL sphincter can be contracted

Question 80

stimulate contraction of the bladder muscle, and relaxation of the sphincter muscle

Answer 80

parasympathatic fibers

Question 81

How long does it take the stimuli to go away when someone feels the need to urinate? When will the urge come back?

Answer 81

about a minute. if transition epithlium is capeable of stretching, the reflex will not occur until another 2-300 ml fills the bladder again.

Question 82

The most powerful stimulater of aldosterone realease

Answer 82

high pottasium

Question 83

Collecting ducts is permeable to water but not solutes via

Answer 83

osmosis