Endocrine System Flashcards
Organs and tissues and the hormones they produce
What is the second major control system of the body
Endocrine system
What is the difference between the endocrine system and nervous system?
Endocrine system uses chemical impulses, hormones
arouses the body tissue and cells by stimulating changes in their metabolic activity. This includes growth, development, and physiological homeostasis
Hormones
can be steriods or amino acid based molecules
hormones
How does a hormone travel?
Through the blood
Cells within an organ that respond to a certain hormone
Target cells
Two functional lobes of the pituitary
adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis
anterior pituitary
adenohypophysis
stalk attaching the pituitary to the hypothalamus
neurohypophhysis
Which part of the pituitary secretes the 4 tropic hormones?
Anterior pituitary
Hormones that have other endocrine glands as their target
Tropic hormones
Is the posterior pituitary an endocrine gland?
No
Why is the posterior pituitary not considered an endocrine gland?
- It does not synthesize the hormones it releases. 2. it acts as a storage area for two neurohormones transpported to it
What are the tropic hormones of the pituitary gland?
- Thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh). 2. follicle stimulating hormone ( FSH). 3. Luetenizing hormone (LH) 4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
TSH target gland
Thyroid gland
TSH effects
Stimulation of thyroid hormones
Target of follicle stimulating hormone
Ovaries and testes
Effects of FSH
Ovaries- stimulates ovarian follicle maturation and estrogen production. Testes- Stimulates sperm production
Target cell of LH
Ovaries and testes
Effects of LH
Stimulates ovulation and triggers ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone. Males- Stimulates testosterone production
Target of ACTH
Adreneal cortex
Effects of ACTH
Stimulates the release of glucocorticoids and androgens
Non tropic hormones of the anterior pituitary gland
Growth hormone (GH) and Prolactin (PRL)
Target organs of growth hormone
liver, muscle bone, and cartilage
Effects of growth hormone
Stimulates body growth and protein synthesis. mobilizes fat and conserves glucose.
Target organs of prolactin
Mammary glands of breast
Effects of prolactin
Stimulates milk production
Hormones stored by posterior pituitary gland
oxcytocin and antidiarectic hormone
Target of antidiretic hormone
kidney
Target of ocytocin
Uterus, mammary glands
What is the small cone shaped gland located in the third ventricle of the brain?
pineal gland
What is the major endocrine product of the pineal gland?
Melatonin
composed of two lobes joined by a central mass, or isthmus located in the throat, just inferior the larynx
Thyroid gland
found embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland typically, two small oval glands on each lobe, but there may be more located in other regions of the neck
parathyroid glands
Hormone of the thyroid gland
thyroxine and tridothyronine often reffered to as TH. Calcitonin
Effects of thyroid hormone
increase BMR, regulates tissue growth and development
Target of TH
Most cells of the body
Target of calcitonin
Bones
parathyroid gland hormone
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Target of parathyroid hormone
bones and kidneys
Where are the adrenal glands located
Above the kidney
develops from neural crest tissue and is directly controlled by the sympathetic nervous system
adrenal medulla
how do medullary cells respond to stimulation? What hormones do they release?
The release epinephrin(80%) and norepinephrin (20%)
located behind the stomach, close to the small intestine?
The pancreas .
Produces digestive enzymes as well as insulin and glucagon, important hormones concerned with the regulation of blood sugar levels
Pancreas
When do the gonads have both exocrine and endocrine functions?
After puberty
What are the pancreas hormones?
Glucagon and insulin
What is the major endocrine product of the pineal gland
melatonin
Produces several different families of peptide hormones
Thymus
Peptide hormones produced by the thymus
thymulin thymosins thymopoietins
