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Bio 233 Lab > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What enters through the hilum of the kidney?
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Renal artery
  2. Renal vein
  3. Ureter
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2
Q

What is the blood supply of the kidney starting from the Aorta and ending at the inferior vena cava?

1-15

A
  1. Aorta
  2. Renal a.
  3. Segmental a.
  4. Interlobar a.
  5. Arcuate a.
  6. Cortical radiate a.
  7. Afferent arteriole
  8. Glomerulus
  9. Efferent arteriole
  10. Peritubular capillaries
    10a. Vasa recta
  11. Cortical radiate v.
  12. Arcuate v.
  13. Interlobar v.
  14. Renal v.
  15. Inferior vena cava
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3
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Term for glomerulus and surrounding capsule

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4
Q

4 facts about cortical nephrons

  1. %
  2. Where is the renal corpuscles
  3. Where does loop of Henle lie
  4. How far does nephron loop penetrate renal medulla?
A
  1. 80-85% of nephrons
  2. Renal corpuscles are in outer cortex
  3. Short loop of henle lie mainly in cortex
  4. Penetrate only outer region of renal medulla
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5
Q

4 facts about juxtamedullary nephrons

  1. %
  2. Where are renal corpuscles
  3. Where does loop of henle lie
  4. What surrounds loop of henle
A
  1. 15-20% of nephrons
  2. Renal corpuscles are near medulla
  3. Long loop into medulla
  4. Vasa recta surrounds loop of henle
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6
Q

What makes up the visceral layer of renal corpuscle?

A

Podocytes - covering capillaries

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7
Q

What makes up the parietal layer of renal corpuscle?

A

Simple squamous cells

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8
Q

3 basic processes of nephrons and collecting ducts

A
  1. Filtration
  2. Reabsorption
  3. Secretion
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9
Q

Define filtrate

A

Fluid pushed out of glomerulus that does not consist of blood and large proteins

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10
Q

Define reabsorption

A

Removing water and solutes from filtrate

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11
Q

Define secretion

A

The extraction of chemicals by the renal tubule from blood capillaries and secretes them into tubular fluid

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12
Q

3 functions of renal tubule

A
  1. Reabsorption of nutrients
  2. Reabsorption of water [>90%]
  3. Secretion of waste products
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13
Q

Where is the macula densa located?

A

Thickened part of ascending limb

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14
Q

What is the macula densa sensitive to

A

Concentration of sodium

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15
Q

What does the macula densa control the release of?

A

Renin

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16
Q

What does the juxtaglomerular cells synthesize and secrete?

A

Renin

17
Q

What 2 things does the juxtaglomerular cells react to?

A
  1. Drop in blood pressure

2. Stimulation by the macula densa cells

18
Q

Where are the juxtaglomerular cells primarily located?

A

Afferent arteriole

19
Q

What three reasons release renin?

A
  1. Decreases blood pressure
  2. Low sodium levels in ultra filtrate of nephron measured by the macula densa which is part of the JGA
  3. Sympathetic nervous system activity through beta1 adrenergic receptors
20
Q

Where is renin produced?

Where is it released from?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

21
Q

Where is angiotensinogen formed?

A

Angiotensinogen is formed by the liver and it is an inactive form of angiotensin 1

22
Q

Where is angiotensin 1 released

A

Angiotensin 1 is released by angiotensinogen

23
Q

How is angiotensin 1 converted to angiotensin 2

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme in the pulmonary capillaries

24
Q

What does angiotensin II do?

A

Potent vasoconstrictor

25
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Retention of sodium and water by the kidneys; therefore raises blood pressure and volume

26
Q

What does ADH do

A

Water retention and vasoconstriction

27
Q

What are the 3 layers in the wall of a ureter

A
  1. Mucosa
    - -a. Transitional epithelium
    - -b. Lamina propria
  2. Muscularis
  3. Adventitia
28
Q

What is the 2 functions of the mucosa

A
  1. Inflate and deflate

2. Prevents cells from being in contact with urine

29
Q

What is the function of the muscularis

A
  1. Peristalsis contributes to urine flow
30
Q

What is the function of the adventitia

A
  1. Contains lymphatics and blood vessels to supply ureter
31
Q

What is the maximum capacity of the bladder

A

700-800mL

32
Q

What is the transitional epithelium able to do?

A

Stretch

33
Q

What is the length of a male and female urethra

A

Male: 18cm
Female: 3-4cm

Bio 233 Lab (4 decks)

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