Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 233 Lab > Urinalysis > Flashcards

Urinalysis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 basic processes of urine formation

A
  1. Filtration
  2. Reabsorption
  3. Secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 Functions of filtration for urine formation

A

1 Blood pressure forces water and solutes across capillaries

  1. Small solutes pass through
  2. Filtrate from glomerulus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 functions of reabsorption for urine formation

A
  1. Removing water and solutes from filtrate

2. Returned to blood from renal tubules to peritubular capillaries or vasa recta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 functions of secretion for urine formation

A
  1. Unwanted substances are taken out of blood and put into renal tubule
  2. Mostly occurring in the DCT and collecting duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the goal of urine production

A

Maintaining homeostasis by controlling volume and composition of blood in addition to excretion of metabolic waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the percentage of water and solutes in urine

A

95% water and 5% solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 6 things are normal to find in urine?

A
  1. Urea
  2. NaCl
  3. KCl
  4. Creatinine
  5. Uric acid
  6. Phosphates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 5 things are abnormal to find in urine?

A
  1. Glucose
  2. Free hemoglobin
  3. Albumin
  4. Ketones
  5. Bike pigments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a normal amount of urine to produce in one day

A

1-2 L/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the normal range for pH in urine

A

4.5-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a normal specific gravity of urine

A

1.003-1.030

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What 2 ways could result in red colored urine

A
  1. Food dye, fresh beats, drugs

2. Presence of hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What 3 nitrogenous waste is found in urine

A
  1. Urea
  2. Uric acid
  3. Creatinine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the result of urea in blood

A

Breakdown of protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is uric acid in urine a result of

A

Nucleic acid breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the result of creatinine in urine

A

Muscle metabolism and creatine phosphate catabolism

17
Q

What is specific gravity?

A

Density of urine compared to water

18
Q

What can cause a high SG (concentrated urine)

A
  1. Low water intake

2. High levels of glucose

19
Q

What are 2 indications of leukocytes in urine

A
  1. Infection

2. Inflammation

20
Q

Define pyuria

A

Leukocytes in urine

21
Q

Define cystitis

A

Bladder infection

22
Q

Define pyelonephritis

A

Kidney infection

23
Q

Indication of nitrate in urine

A

Bacterial infection

24
Q

Define Proteinuria

A

Protein found in urine do to a possible inflammation of glomerulus

25
Q

What may be the cause of a high or low pH urine sample

A

Acidic: high protein diet or ketoacidosis
Alkaline: vegetarian diet or UTI

26
Q

Define hematuria

A

Blood found in urine do to a possible kidney stone, infection, tumor

27
Q

Define Ketonuria

A

Ketones in urine possibly do to diabetes mellitus

28
Q

Define bilirubinuria

A

Bilirubin in excess amounts found in urine possibly do to liver disease or biliary obstruction

29
Q

Define glycosuria

A

Glucose found in urine possibly do to high carb diet or the filtered load of glucose is to high for the tubular reabsorption to catch all glucose. (High glucose)

30
Q

Normal amounts of WBCs in urine

A

Men: <2 per hi power
Women: <5

31
Q

What are casts

A

Hardened cell fragments formed in the DCT and collecting ducts and they are formed when cells clump together

32
Q

What may be the cause of WBC casts

A

Pyelonephritis

33
Q

What may be the cause of RBC casts

A

Glomerulonephritis

34
Q

What are hyaline casts composed of and what is the cause

A

Mucoproteins secreted by tubule cells and could be caused by low flow rate, low pH, or high salt conc.

35
Q

What causes Renal calculi

A

Aka kidney stones… caused by minerals amino acid or oxidative deposition

36
Q

What is the cause of calcium oxalate crystals

A

Dietary asparagus

37
Q

What is the cause of uric acid crystals

A

High levels of uric acid in blood do to high proteins in diet

38
Q

What is the cause of struvite crystals

A

More common in alkaline urine and possibly caused by UTI

Bio 233 Lab (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions