Reproductive System Flashcards
Define Gametes
Male and female reproductive cells
What are Gonads
Reproductive organs, produce gametes
What are ducts for
Transport gametes
What is the function of accessory glands and organs
Secrete fluids
What do the testes secrete
Androgens
What do the testes produce
.5 billion spermatozoa
What do the ovaries release once a month
One oocyte which is an immature gamete
What is the pathway of sperm through the testes
- Seminiferous tubules
- Straight tubules
- Rete testis
- Efferent ducts
- Ductus epididymis
- Vas deferens
Where does the ejaculatory duct penetrate into?
Muscular wall of prostate gland
What is the function of the ejaculatory duct?
Adding fluid to prostatic urethra prior to ejaculation
What is the function of Seminal glands
Aid in production of semen by producing mucous that combines with spermatozoa
What is the function of Prostate gland
Produce thin milky white fluid that has calcium, citrate, and phosphate
What is the bulbourethral gland do
Neutralizes urea and lubricates
What are the three sections of the urethra
- Prostatic urethra
- Membranous urethra
- Songs urethra
Name the structures of the spermatic cord
- Testicular artery
- Pampiniform plexus of veins
- Autonomic nerves
- Lymphatic vessels
- Vas deferens
Where does sperm formation occur?
Seminiferous tubules
What stages of sperm development occur in seminiferous tubules
- Spermatogonia
- Primary spermatocyte
- Secondary spermatocyte
- Spermatid
5 spermatozoa
Function of nurse cells
Support spermatogenesis
Function of leydig cells
Secrete testosterone
Where is spermatogenesis occurring
Between two Sertoli cells (nurse cells)
What does spermatogonia 2n go through and become
Mitosis and become primary spermatocytes
What do primary spermatocyte 2n as go through and become
Meiosis I and become secondary spermatocytes
What do secondary spermatocytes 1n go through and become…
Meiosis II becoming spermatids 1n
What do spermatids 1n go through and become
Maturation and development and become spermatozoa 1n
What is spermiogenesis
The maturation and development of a spermarid
What do nurse cells do?
Maintain blood testis barrier and support mitosis meiosis
What does the head middle piece and tail contain and or function of the sperm
Head contains acrosomes to fight through vagina
The middle piece contains mitochondria to produce ATP
The ATP powers the tail that is only flagellum to move the sperm
Where is the site of sperm maturation
Epididymis
What kind of epithelium is the epididymis
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
How much semen is ejaculated at one time
2-5 mL
How much spermatozoa per mL of semen
50-130 million
What is the contents of seminal fluid (semen)
60% seminal glands
30% prostate glands
5% nurse cells and epididymis
<5% bulbourethral glands
What is a function of the epididymis
Recycles damaged spermatozoa
How does the epididymis monitor and adjust fluid composition
Stereocilia
What are the walls of the uterus and what does it contain
90% Myometrium, the muscular tissue
10% endometrium, the glandular tissue, blood vessels
Perimetrium the serosa
What are the phases of the menstrual cycle
- Menses
- Proliferative phase
- Secretory phase
What makes up the follicular phase?
Menses and proliferative phase
What makes up the luteal phase
Secretory phase
What happens during menses
Endometrial sloughing
What 3 things happens during proliferative phase
- Restoration of functional epithelium
- Follicles enlarge
- It is estrogen induced
- Occurs during the days of 7-14
What’s happens during secretory phase
Glands enlarge and begins at 14 days
What makes up the Fallopian tubes
4
- Infundibulum
- Fimbriae
- Ampulla
- Isthmus
What are the 5 stages of follicular development
- Primordial
- Primary
- Secondary
- Graafian
- Ovulation
What is oogenesis
Creation of eggs
How many lactiferous sinuses are there in the breast
15-20
What does prolactin do
Promotes the synthesis of milk
What does oxytocin do
Causes contractions during labor and after birth
When does testosterone circulate
When bound to gonadal steroid binding globulin or albumin
What is testosterone converted into?
DHT
