Urinary System Flashcards
1
Q
albumin/o
A
protein
2
Q
bacteri/o
A
bacteria
3
Q
cyst/o
A
bladder or sac
4
Q
vesic/o
A
bladder or sac
5
Q
dips/o
A
thirst
6
Q
glomeruli/o
A
glomerulus (small ball)
7
Q
gluc/o, glucose/o, glycol/o
A
glucose
8
Q
ket/o, keton/o
A
ketone bodies
9
Q
lith/o
A
stone
10
Q
meat/o
A
meatus (opening)
11
Q
nephr/o
A
kidney
12
Q
ren/o
A
kidney
13
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis (basin)
14
Q
py/o
A
pus
15
Q
utreter/o
A
ureter
16
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
17
Q
ur/o, urin/o
A
urine
18
Q
kidney’s
A
two structures located on each side of the lumbar region that filter blood and secrete impurities forming urine
19
Q
cortex
A
outer part of the kidney (cortex = Bark)
20
Q
hilum
A
indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave
21
Q
medulla
A
inner part of the kidney
22
Q
calices or calyces
A
ducts that carry urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis
23
Q
kalyx
A
cup of a flower
24
Q
nephron
A
microscopic functional units of the kidney, comprised of kidney cells and capillaries, each of which is capable of forming urine
25
glomerulus
small, ball shaped cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron
26
bowman capsule
top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus
27
renal tubule
stem portion of the nephron
28
ureter
tube that carries urine from he kidney to the bladder
29
renal pelvis
basin-like portion of the ureter within the kidney
30
ureteropelvic junction
point of connection between the renal pelvis and the ureter
31
urinary bladder
sac that holds urine
32
urethra
single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body
33
urethral meatus
opening in the urethra to the outside of the body
34
urine
fluid produced by the kidneys, containing water and waste products
35
urea
waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in ruine
36
creatinine
waste product of muscle metabolism, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine
37
albuminuria
presence of albumin int eh urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise
38
proteinuria
presence of albumin int eh urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercisex
39
anuria
absence of urine formation
40
bacteriuria
presence of bacteria in the urine
41
dysuria
painful urination
42
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine usually referring to a lack of bladder control
43
nocturnal enuresis
bed wetting during sleep
44
glucosuria/glycosuria
glucose in the urine
45
hematuria
presence of the blood in the urine
46
incontinence
involuntary discharge of urine or feces
47
stress urinary incontinence (SUI)
involuntary discharge of urine with coughing sneezing, and/or strained exercise
48
ketonuria
presence of keno bodies in urine
49
ketone bodies/compounds
acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid, products of metabolism that appear int he urine from the body's abnormal utilization of carbohydrates, such as occurs in uncontrolled diabetes or starvation
50
nocturia
urination at night
51
oliguria
scanty production of urine
52
polyuria
condition of excessive urination
53
pyuria
presence of white blood cells in urine indicating infection
54
urinary retention
retention of urine resulting form an inability to void (urinate) naturally because of spasm or obstruction
55
adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD)
inherited condition of multiple cyst that gradually form int eh kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure, diagnosed in adults presenting with hypertension, kidney enlargement, and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
56
glomerulonephritis
form of nephritis involving the glomerulus
57
hydronephrosis
pooling of urine in dilated areas of the renal pelvis and chalices of one or both kidneys caused by an obstructed outflow of urine
58
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
59
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
60
nephrosis
degenerative disease of the renal tubules
61
nephrolithiasis
presence of a renal stone ro stones
62
cysitis
inflammation of the bladder.
63
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra
64
urethrocystitis
inflammation of the urethra and bladder
65
urethral stenosis
narrowed condition of the urethra
66
urinary tract infection (UTI)
invasion of pathogenic organisms int he urinary tract especially the urethra and bladder; symptoms include your urinary frequency, and malaise
67
uremia
excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste ninth blood caused by kidney failure.
68
azotemia
excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste ninth blood caused by kidney failure.
69
cystoscopy
examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope
70
kidney biopsy
removal of kidney tissue for pathologic examination
71
renal biopsy
removal of kidney tissue for pathologic examination
72
intravenous pyelogram/ intravenous urogram
xray image of the urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast medium that has been injected into he bloodstream, the contrast passes through the kidney and may reveal an obstruction, evidence of trauma
73
kidneys, ureters, bladder KUB
abdominal xray image of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. typically used as a scout film before obtaining an intravenous pyelogram
74
scout film
plain-film x-ray image obtained to detect any obvious pathology before further imaging (e.g., a KUB before an IVP)
75
renal anagram/ arteriogram
x-ray image of the renal artery obtained after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery
76
retrograde pyelogram/urogram
x-ray image of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis obtained after contrast medium has been injected up to the kidney by way of a small catheter passed through a cystoscope; used to detect the presence of stones, obstruction, etc.
77
voiding cystourethrogram VCU/ VCUG
x-ray image of the bladder and urethra obtained during urination (voiding urinating)
78
abdominal sonogram
abdominal ultrasound image of the urinary tract, including the kidney and bladder
79
urinalysis
physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
80
specific gravity
measure of the concentration or dilution of urine
81
pH
measure of the acidity or alkalinity of urine
82
glucose
chemical test used to detect susugar in urine, often used to screen for diabetes
83
albumin
chemical test used to detect the presence of albumin in urine
84
ketones
chemical test used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in the urine; positive test indicates that fats are being used by the body instead of carbohydrates, which occurs during starvation or an uncontrolled diabetic state
85
urine occult blood
chemical test for the presence of hidden blood in the urine resulting from red blood cell hemolysis; indicates bleeding in the kidneys (occult hidden)
86
occult
hidden
87
bilirubin
chemical test used to detect bilirubin in the urine; seen in the gallbladder and liver disease
88
urobilinogen
chemical test used to detect bile pigment in the urine; increased amounts are seen in gallbladder and liver disease
89
nitrite
chemical test to determine the presence of bacteria in the urine
90
microscopic findings
microscopic identification of abnormal constituents int he urine. reported per high or low power field
91
urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)
solation of a urine specimen in a culture medium to propagate the growth of microorganisms; organisms that grow in the culture are identified, as are drugs to which they are sensitive
92
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood; a high BUN indicates the inability of one or both kidneys to excrete urea
93
creatinine, serum
test to determine the level of creatinine in the blood; useful in assessing kidney function
94
creatinine, urine
test to determine the level of creatinine in the urine
95
creatinine clearance testing
measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and in a 24-hour urine specimen to determine the rate at which creatinine is “cleared” from the blood by the kidneys
96
urologic endoscopic surgery
use of specialized endoscopes (e.g., resectoscope) within the urinary tract to perform various surgical procedures, such as resection of a tumor, repair of an obstruction, stone retrieval, placement of a stent, etc.
97
resectoscope
urologic endoscope inserted through the urethra to resect (cut and remove) lesions of the bladder, urethra, or prostate
98
intracorporeal lithotripsy
method of destroying stones within the urinary tract using discharges of electrical energy that are transmitted to a probe w i t h i n a fl e x i b l e e n d o s c o p e ; m o s t c o m m o n l y u s e d t o p u l v e r i z e bladder stones
99
nephrotomy
incision into the kidney
100
nephrorrhaphy
suture of an injured kidney
101
nephrolithotomy
incision into the kidney for the removal of stones
102
nephrectomy
excision of a kidney
103
pyeloplasty
surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvice
104
stent placements
use of a device (stand) to hold open vessels or tubes
105
kidney transplantation, renal transplantation
transfer of a kidney from the body of one person (donor) to another (recipient
106
urinary diversion
creation of a temporary or permanent diversion of the urinary tract to provide a new passage through which urine exits the body; used to treat defects or diseases (e.g., bladder cancer)
107
non continent ileal conduit
removal of a portion of the ileum to use as a conduit to which the ureters are attached at one end; the other end is brought through an opening (stoma) created in the abdomen; urine drains continually into an external appliance (bag); noncontinent indicates that urine cannot be held and drains continually
108
continent urostomy
an internal reservoir (pouch) constructed from a segment of intestine that diverts urine through an opening (stoma) that is brought through the abdominal wall; a valve is created internally to prevent leakage, and the patient empties the pouch by catheterization; continent refers to the ability to hold or retain urine
109
orthotropic bladder/neobladder
bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing “natural” voiding
110
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
procedure using ultrasound outside the body to bombard and disintegrate a stone within; most commonly used to treat urinary stones above the bladder
111
kidney dialysis
methods of filtering impurities from the blood, replacing the function of one or both kidneys lost in renal failure
112
hemodialysis
method of removing impurities by pumping the patient’s blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of the artificial kidney machine (hemodialyzer)
113
peritoneal dialysis
method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; a catheter inserted in the peritoneal cavity delivers cleansing fluid (dialysate) that is washed in and out in cycles
114
urinary catheterization
methods of placing a tube into the bladder to drain or collect urine
115
straight catheter
a type of catheter that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to relieve urinary retention or to collect a sterile specimen of urine for testing; the catheter is removed immediately after the procedure
116
Foley catheter
indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra and into the bladder that includes a collection system allowing urine to be drained into a bag; the catheter can remain in place for an extended period
117
suprapubic catheter
ndwelling catheter inserted directly in the bladder through an abdominal incision above the pubic bone that includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag; used in patients requiring long-term catheterization
118
analgesic
drug that relives pain
119
antispasmodic
drug that relives spasm
120
diuretic
drug that increases the secretion of urine
