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Test 6 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

albumin/o

A

protein

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2
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

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3
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder or sac

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4
Q

vesic/o

A

bladder or sac

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5
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

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6
Q

glomeruli/o

A

glomerulus (small ball)

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7
Q

gluc/o, glucose/o, glycol/o

A

glucose

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8
Q

ket/o, keton/o

A

ketone bodies

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9
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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10
Q

meat/o

A

meatus (opening)

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11
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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12
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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13
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis (basin)

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14
Q

py/o

A

pus

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15
Q

utreter/o

A

ureter

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16
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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17
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine

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18
Q

kidney’s

A

two structures located on each side of the lumbar region that filter blood and secrete impurities forming urine

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19
Q

cortex

A

outer part of the kidney (cortex = Bark)

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20
Q

hilum

A

indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave

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21
Q

medulla

A

inner part of the kidney

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22
Q

calices or calyces

A

ducts that carry urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis

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23
Q

kalyx

A

cup of a flower

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24
Q

nephron

A

microscopic functional units of the kidney, comprised of kidney cells and capillaries, each of which is capable of forming urine

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25
Q

glomerulus

A

small, ball shaped cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron

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26
Q

bowman capsule

A

top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus

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27
Q

renal tubule

A

stem portion of the nephron

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28
Q

ureter

A

tube that carries urine from he kidney to the bladder

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29
Q

renal pelvis

A

basin-like portion of the ureter within the kidney

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30
Q

ureteropelvic junction

A

point of connection between the renal pelvis and the ureter

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31
Q

urinary bladder

A

sac that holds urine

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32
Q

urethra

A

single canal that carries urine to the outside of the body

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33
Q

urethral meatus

A

opening in the urethra to the outside of the body

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34
Q

urine

A

fluid produced by the kidneys, containing water and waste products

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35
Q

urea

A

waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in ruine

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36
Q

creatinine

A

waste product of muscle metabolism, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys and excreted in urine

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37
Q

albuminuria

A

presence of albumin int eh urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise

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38
Q

proteinuria

A

presence of albumin int eh urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercisex

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39
Q

anuria

A

absence of urine formation

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40
Q

bacteriuria

A

presence of bacteria in the urine

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41
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

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42
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine usually referring to a lack of bladder control

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43
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

bed wetting during sleep

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44
Q

glucosuria/glycosuria

A

glucose in the urine

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45
Q

hematuria

A

presence of the blood in the urine

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46
Q

incontinence

A

involuntary discharge of urine or feces

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47
Q

stress urinary incontinence (SUI)

A

involuntary discharge of urine with coughing sneezing, and/or strained exercise

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48
Q

ketonuria

A

presence of keno bodies in urine

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49
Q

ketone bodies/compounds

A

acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid, products of metabolism that appear int he urine from the body’s abnormal utilization of carbohydrates, such as occurs in uncontrolled diabetes or starvation

50
Q

nocturia

A

urination at night

51
Q

oliguria

A

scanty production of urine

52
Q

polyuria

A

condition of excessive urination

53
Q

pyuria

A

presence of white blood cells in urine indicating infection

54
Q

urinary retention

A

retention of urine resulting form an inability to void (urinate) naturally because of spasm or obstruction

55
Q

adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD)

A

inherited condition of multiple cyst that gradually form int eh kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure, diagnosed in adults presenting with hypertension, kidney enlargement, and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)

56
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

form of nephritis involving the glomerulus

57
Q

hydronephrosis

A

pooling of urine in dilated areas of the renal pelvis and chalices of one or both kidneys caused by an obstructed outflow of urine

58
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney

59
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

60
Q

nephrosis

A

degenerative disease of the renal tubules

61
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

presence of a renal stone ro stones

62
Q

cysitis

A

inflammation of the bladder.

63
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

64
Q

urethrocystitis

A

inflammation of the urethra and bladder

65
Q

urethral stenosis

A

narrowed condition of the urethra

66
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

invasion of pathogenic organisms int he urinary tract especially the urethra and bladder; symptoms include your urinary frequency, and malaise

67
Q

uremia

A

excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste ninth blood caused by kidney failure.

68
Q

azotemia

A

excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste ninth blood caused by kidney failure.

69
Q

cystoscopy

A

examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope

70
Q

kidney biopsy

A

removal of kidney tissue for pathologic examination

71
Q

renal biopsy

A

removal of kidney tissue for pathologic examination

72
Q

intravenous pyelogram/ intravenous urogram

A

xray image of the urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast medium that has been injected into he bloodstream, the contrast passes through the kidney and may reveal an obstruction, evidence of trauma

73
Q

kidneys, ureters, bladder KUB

A

abdominal xray image of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. typically used as a scout film before obtaining an intravenous pyelogram

74
Q

scout film

A

plain-film x-ray image obtained to detect any obvious pathology before further imaging (e.g., a KUB before an IVP)

75
Q

renal anagram/ arteriogram

A

x-ray image of the renal artery obtained after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery

76
Q

retrograde pyelogram/urogram

A

x-ray image of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis obtained after contrast medium has been injected up to the kidney by way of a small catheter passed through a cystoscope; used to detect the presence of stones, obstruction, etc.

77
Q

voiding cystourethrogram VCU/ VCUG

A

x-ray image of the bladder and urethra obtained during urination (voiding urinating)

78
Q

abdominal sonogram

A

abdominal ultrasound image of the urinary tract, including the kidney and bladder

79
Q

urinalysis

A

physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine

80
Q

specific gravity

A

measure of the concentration or dilution of urine

81
Q

pH

A

measure of the acidity or alkalinity of urine

82
Q

glucose

A

chemical test used to detect susugar in urine, often used to screen for diabetes

83
Q

albumin

A

chemical test used to detect the presence of albumin in urine

84
Q

ketones

A

chemical test used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in the urine; positive test indicates that fats are being used by the body instead of carbohydrates, which occurs during starvation or an uncontrolled diabetic state

85
Q

urine occult blood

A

chemical test for the presence of hidden blood in the urine resulting from red blood cell hemolysis; indicates bleeding in the kidneys (occult hidden)

86
Q

occult

A

hidden

87
Q

bilirubin

A

chemical test used to detect bilirubin in the urine; seen in the gallbladder and liver disease

88
Q

urobilinogen

A

chemical test used to detect bile pigment in the urine; increased amounts are seen in gallbladder and liver disease

89
Q

nitrite

A

chemical test to determine the presence of bacteria in the urine

90
Q

microscopic findings

A

microscopic identification of abnormal constituents int he urine. reported per high or low power field

91
Q

urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)

A

solation of a urine specimen in a culture medium to propagate the growth of microorganisms; organisms that grow in the culture are identified, as are drugs to which they are sensitive

92
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

blood test to determine the level of urea in the blood; a high BUN indicates the inability of one or both kidneys to excrete urea

93
Q

creatinine, serum

A

test to determine the level of creatinine in the blood; useful in assessing kidney function

94
Q

creatinine, urine

A

test to determine the level of creatinine in the urine

95
Q

creatinine clearance testing

A

measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and in a 24-hour urine specimen to determine the rate at which creatinine is “cleared” from the blood by the kidneys

96
Q

urologic endoscopic surgery

A

use of specialized endoscopes (e.g., resectoscope) within the urinary tract to perform various surgical procedures, such as resection of a tumor, repair of an obstruction, stone retrieval, placement of a stent, etc.

97
Q

resectoscope

A

urologic endoscope inserted through the urethra to resect (cut and remove) lesions of the bladder, urethra, or prostate

98
Q

intracorporeal lithotripsy

A

method of destroying stones within the urinary tract using discharges of electrical energy that are transmitted to a probe w i t h i n a fl e x i b l e e n d o s c o p e ; m o s t c o m m o n l y u s e d t o p u l v e r i z e bladder stones

99
Q

nephrotomy

A

incision into the kidney

100
Q

nephrorrhaphy

A

suture of an injured kidney

101
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

incision into the kidney for the removal of stones

102
Q

nephrectomy

A

excision of a kidney

103
Q

pyeloplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvice

104
Q

stent placements

A

use of a device (stand) to hold open vessels or tubes

105
Q

kidney transplantation, renal transplantation

A

transfer of a kidney from the body of one person (donor) to another (recipient

106
Q

urinary diversion

A

creation of a temporary or permanent diversion of the urinary tract to provide a new passage through which urine exits the body; used to treat defects or diseases (e.g., bladder cancer)

107
Q

non continent ileal conduit

A

removal of a portion of the ileum to use as a conduit to which the ureters are attached at one end; the other end is brought through an opening (stoma) created in the abdomen; urine drains continually into an external appliance (bag); noncontinent indicates that urine cannot be held and drains continually

108
Q

continent urostomy

A

an internal reservoir (pouch) constructed from a segment of intestine that diverts urine through an opening (stoma) that is brought through the abdominal wall; a valve is created internally to prevent leakage, and the patient empties the pouch by catheterization; continent refers to the ability to hold or retain urine

109
Q

orthotropic bladder/neobladder

A

bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing “natural” voiding

110
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

A

procedure using ultrasound outside the body to bombard and disintegrate a stone within; most commonly used to treat urinary stones above the bladder

111
Q

kidney dialysis

A

methods of filtering impurities from the blood, replacing the function of one or both kidneys lost in renal failure

112
Q

hemodialysis

A

method of removing impurities by pumping the patient’s blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of the artificial kidney machine (hemodialyzer)

113
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; a catheter inserted in the peritoneal cavity delivers cleansing fluid (dialysate) that is washed in and out in cycles

114
Q

urinary catheterization

A

methods of placing a tube into the bladder to drain or collect urine

115
Q

straight catheter

A

a type of catheter that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to relieve urinary retention or to collect a sterile specimen of urine for testing; the catheter is removed immediately after the procedure

116
Q

Foley catheter

A

indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra and into the bladder that includes a collection system allowing urine to be drained into a bag; the catheter can remain in place for an extended period

117
Q

suprapubic catheter

A

ndwelling catheter inserted directly in the bladder through an abdominal incision above the pubic bone that includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag; used in patients requiring long-term catheterization

118
Q

analgesic

A

drug that relives pain

119
Q

antispasmodic

A

drug that relives spasm

120
Q

diuretic

A

drug that increases the secretion of urine

Test 6 (4 decks)

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