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Test 6 > Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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2
Q

celi/o

A

abdomen

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3
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen

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4
Q

an/o

A

anus

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5
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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6
Q

bil/i

A

bile

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7
Q

chol/e

A

bile

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8
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

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9
Q

cheil/o

A

lip

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10
Q

col/o

A

colon

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11
Q

colon/o

A

olon

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12
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder or sac

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13
Q

denti/i

A

teeth

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14
Q

doch/o

A

duct

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15
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

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16
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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17
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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18
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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19
Q

gingiv/o

A

gum

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20
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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21
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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22
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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23
Q

hepatic/o

A

liver

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24
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

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25
Q

ingruin/o

A

groin

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26
Q

jejune/o

A

jejunum (empty)

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27
Q

lith/o

A

stone

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28
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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29
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

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30
Q

pancreas/o

A

pancreas

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31
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

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32
Q

phag/o

A

eat or swallow

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33
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

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34
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus (gate keeper)

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35
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

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36
Q

sial/o

A

saliva

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37
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon (resembles)

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38
Q

steat/o

A

fat

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39
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

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40
Q

gastroenterologist

A

specializes in the gastro+intestinal tract

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41
Q

GI

A

gastrointestinal

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42
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

suturing of a repaired hernia

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43
Q

ileostomy

A

surgical creation of an opening

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44
Q

rectus

A

straight

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45
Q

oral cavity

A

cavity that receives food for digestion

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46
Q

mouth

A

cavity that receives food for digestion

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47
Q

salivary glands

A

three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva: the parotid, the submandibular, and the sublingual glands

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48
Q

cheeks

A

lateral walls of the mouth

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49
Q

lips

A

fleshy structures surrounding the mouth

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50
Q

palate

A

structure that forms the roof of the mouth; divided into eh hard palate and soft palate

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51
Q

uvula

A

small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate

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52
Q

tongue

A

muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucous membrane and secured by a band-like membrane known as the frenulum.

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53
Q

gums

A

tissue covering the processes of the jaws

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54
Q

teeth

A

hard bony projections in the jaws for masticating (chewing) food

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55
Q

masticating

A

chewing

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56
Q

pharynx

A

throat; passageway for food traveling to the esophagus and for air traveling to the larynx

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57
Q

esophagus

A

muscular tube tha moves food from he pharynx to the stomach

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58
Q

stomach

A

sac-like organ that chemically mixes and prepares food received from the esophagus

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59
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

opening from the esophagus to the stomach

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60
Q

sphincter

A

band

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61
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

opening from the stomach into the duodenum

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62
Q

small intestine

A

smaller tubular structure that digests food received from he stomach

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63
Q

duodenum

A

first portion of the small intestine

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64
Q

jejunum

A

second portion of the small intestine

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65
Q

ileum

A

third portion of the small intestine

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66
Q

large intestine

A

larger tubular structure that receives the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defacation

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67
Q

cecum

A

first part of the large intestine

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68
Q

vermiform appendix

A

worm-like projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function; may help to resist infection

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69
Q

vermi

A

worm

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70
Q

colon

A

portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum; identified by direction or shape

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71
Q

ascending colon

A

portion of the colon that extends upwards from the cecum

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72
Q

transverse colon

A

portion of the colon that extends across from the ascending cecum

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73
Q

descending colon

A

portion of the colon that extends downward from he transverse colon

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74
Q

sigmoid colon

A

portion of the colon (resembling an S in shape) that terminates at the rectum.

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75
Q

rectum

A

distal (end) portion of the large intestine

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76
Q

rectal ampulla

A

dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal

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77
Q

anus

A

opening of the rectum to the outside of the body

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78
Q

feces

A

waste formed by the absorption of water in the large intestine; usually solid

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79
Q

defacation

A

evacuation of feces from he rectum

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80
Q

peritoneum

A

membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity and consisting of the parietal layer (lining the abdominal wall) and the visceral alter (covering each organ in the abdomen)

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81
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

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82
Q

omentum

A

an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs

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83
Q

liver

A

organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion

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84
Q

gallbladder

A

receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver

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85
Q

pancreas

A

gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum where it mixes with bile to digest food

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86
Q

biliary ducts

A

ducts that convey bile; including the hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts

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87
Q

hypochondriac regions

A

upper lateral regions beneath the ribs

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88
Q

epigastric region

A

upper middle region below the sternum

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89
Q

lumbar regions

A

middle lateral regions

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90
Q

umbilical region

A

region of the navel

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91
Q

inguinal regions

A

lower lateral groin regions

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92
Q

hypogastric region

A

region below the navel

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93
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite

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94
Q

orexia

A

appetite

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95
Q

alphagia

A

inability to swallow

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96
Q

ascites

A

accumulation of fluid int he peritoneal cavity

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97
Q

ascos

A

bag

98
Q

buccal

A

in the cheek

99
Q

diarrhea

A

frequent loose or liquid stools

100
Q

constipation

A

infrequent or incomplete bowl movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass.

101
Q

constipo

A

press together

102
Q

dyspepsia

A

indigestion

103
Q

pepsis

A

digestion

104
Q

dys[phagia

A

difficulting in swallowing

105
Q

eructation

A

belch

106
Q

flatulence

A

gas in the stomach or intestine

107
Q

flatus

A

a blowing

108
Q

halitosis

A

bad breath

109
Q

halitus

A

breath

110
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

111
Q

hematochezia

A

red blood in stool

112
Q

chezo

A

defecate

113
Q

heptamegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

114
Q

hyperbilirubinemia

A

excessive bilirubin (bile pigment) int eh blood

115
Q

icterus

A

yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood

116
Q

jaundice

A

yellow

117
Q

melena

A

dark colored tarry stool caused by old blood

118
Q

nausea

A

feeling sick in stomach

119
Q

steatorrhea

A

feces containing fat

120
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

121
Q

hypoglossal

A

under the tongue

122
Q

dys-

A

painful, difficult, or faulty

123
Q

ankyloglossia

A

tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum

124
Q

ankyl/o

A

crooked or stiff

125
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lip

126
Q

esophageal varices

A

stolen veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemmorage

127
Q

esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

128
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

129
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

back flow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter causing burning pain in the esophagus

130
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

131
Q

glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

132
Q

parotidits

A

inflammation of the parotid gland

133
Q

mumples

A

parotiditis, inflammation of the parotid gland

134
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices, commonly caused by infection with heliobacter pylori bacteria

135
Q

pept/o

A

to digest

136
Q

gastric ulcer

A

ulcer in the stomach

137
Q

duodenal ulcer

A

ulcer in the duodenum

138
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

narrowed condition of the pylorus

139
Q

sialoadenitis

A

inflammation of a salivary gland

140
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth

141
Q

anal fistula

A

an abnormal table like passage way from the anus that may connect with the rectum

142
Q

fistula

A

pipe

143
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appenxdix

144
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of the colon

145
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcerations

146
Q

colorectal polyps

A

benign tissue growths on the mucous membrane lining the large intestine and rectum; adenomatous types are precancerous and likely to develop into malignancy

147
Q

pediculated polyp

A

projected on a stalk

148
Q

sessile polyp

A

lying flat not he surface

149
Q

sessilis

A

low growing

150
Q

diverticulum

A

an abnormal side pocket int eh gastrointestinal tract; usually related to a lack of dietary fiber

151
Q

diverticulosis

A

presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon

152
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of the diverticula

153
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent bloody stools; most often caused by bacteria or protozoa

154
Q

enteritits

A

inflammation of the small intestine

155
Q

hemorrhoid

A

swollen, twisted vein in the anal region

156
Q

haimorrhois

A

a vein likely to bleed

157
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of a part from its local location

158
Q

hiatal hernia

A

profusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm

159
Q

inguinal hernia

A

proturion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region

160
Q

incarcerated hernia

A

hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac causing an obstruction

161
Q

strangulated hernia

A

hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation and likely to become gangrenous

162
Q

umbilical hernia

A

protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall and around the umbilicus (navel)

163
Q

ileitis

A

inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine

164
Q

intussusception

A

prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part

165
Q

intus

A

within

166
Q

suscipies

A

to take up

167
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritonecum

168
Q

procitits

A

inflammation of the rectmym and anaus

169
Q

vovulus

A

twisting of the bowl on itself, causing obstruction

170
Q

volvo

A

to roll

171
Q

cholangitis

A

inflammation of the bile ducts

172
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallblatter

173
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

presence of stones in the common bile duct

174
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue; most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency

175
Q

cirri

A

yellow

176
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

177
Q

hepatitis A

A

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus usually transmitted orally though fecal contamination of food or water

178
Q

hepatitis B

A

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus, which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids

179
Q

Hepatitis C

A

inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus which is transmitted by exposure to infect blood; this strain is rarely contracted sexually

180
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

181
Q

biopsy Bx

A

removal and microscopic study of tissue for pathological examination

182
Q

incisional biopsy

A

removal of a portion of a lesion

183
Q

excision biopsy

A

removal of an entire lesion

184
Q

needle biopsy

A

percutaneous removal of tissue or fluid using a special hollow needle

185
Q

endoscopy

A

examination within a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnosis or treatment, used in the gastrointestinal tract to detect abnormalities and to perform procedures such as biopsy excision of lesion and therapeutic intervension

186
Q

colonoscopy

A

examination of the colon using a flexible colonscope

187
Q

proctoscopy

A

examination of the rectum and anus with a proctoscope

188
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

examination of the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope

189
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy EGD

A

examination of the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum with a flexible endoscope for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes such as biopsy, excision of lesions, removal of swallowed objects, dilation of obstructions, stent placement, measure to control hemorrhage,etc.

190
Q

capsule endoscopy

A

examination of the small intestine made by a tiny video camera placed in a capsule and then swallowed. images are transmitted to a was it belt recorder and then downloaded onto computer for assessment of possible abnormalities traditional endoscopy cannot completely access the small intestine because of its length and complexity

191
Q

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopacreatography ERCP

A

endoscopic procedure including x-ray fluoroscopy to examine the ducts of the liver, gallbladder, biliary ducts, and pancreas; includes use of instruments to obtain tissue samples, extract biliary stones, relieve obstructions, etc.

192
Q

laparoscopy

A

examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope for diagnostic purposes and/or to perform surgery

193
Q

magnetic resonance imaging MRI

A

noninxiing imaging technique for visualizing the abdnomia city to identify disease or deformity to the gastrointestinal tract

194
Q

radiography

A

xray imaging used to detect a condition or anomaly within the gastrointestinal tract

195
Q

upper gastrointestinal GI series

A

X-ray of the esophagus stomach and duodenum after th patient has swallowed a contract medium barium is the most commonly used meidum

196
Q

barium swallow

A

X-ray of the esophagus only, often used to locate swallowed objects

197
Q

fluoroscopy

A

xray imaging with a fluorescent screen to visualize structures in motion.

198
Q

small bowel series

A

xray examination of the small intestine generally done in conjunction with an upper GI series

199
Q

lower gastrointestinal GI series

A

xray imaging of the olon after administration of an enema containing a contrast medium

200
Q

cholagiogram

A

xray image of the bile ducts, often performed during surgery

201
Q

cholecystogram

A

xray image of the the gallbladder obtained after oral ingestion of iodine

202
Q

computed tomography CT of the abdomen

A

cross-sectional X-ray imaging of the abdomen used to identify a condition or anomaly within the gastrointestinal tract

203
Q

sonography

A

ultrasound imaging

204
Q

abdominal sonogram

A

ultrasound image of the abdomen to detect disease or deformity in organs and vascular strucutres

205
Q

endoscopic ultrasonography EUS

A

images produced using a sonographic transducer within an endoscope to evaluate abnormalities of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts and adjacent structures (biliary ducts, gallbladder, and pancreas) also used to guide needle biopsy of tissue and in determining the stage of a malignancy

206
Q

stool culture and sensitivity (C &S)

A

isolation of a stool specimen in a culture medium to identify disease-causing organisms; if organisms are present, the drugs to which they are sensitive are listend

207
Q

stool occult blood study

A

chemical test of a stool specimen to detect the presence of blood; positive findings indicate bleeding int eh gastrointestinal tract

208
Q

abdominocentesis

A

puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid

209
Q

abdominal paracentesis

A

puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid int he peritoneal cavity

210
Q

anal fistulectomy

A

excision of an anal fistula

211
Q

anastomosis

A

union of two hollow vessels; a technique used in bowel surgery

212
Q

appendectomy

A

excision of a diseased appendix

213
Q

bariatric surgery

A

treatment of morbid obesity by surgery to the stomach and/or intestines; procedures include restrictive techniques that limit the absorption of food

214
Q

baros

A

weight

215
Q

iatric

A

pertains to treatment

216
Q

cheiloplasty

A

repair of the lip

217
Q

cholecystectomy

A

excision of the gallbladder; common treatment for symptomatic gallbladder disease

218
Q

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

A

excision of the gallbladder through a laparscope

219
Q

colostomy

A

creation of an opening int he colon through the abdominal wall to creat an abdominal anus, allowing stool to bypass a disease portion of the colon’ performed to treat ulcerative colitis cancer, or obstructions

220
Q

esophagoplasty

A

repair of the esophagus

221
Q

gastroectomy

A

partial or complete removal of the stomach

222
Q

gastric resection

A

partial removal and repair of the stomach

223
Q

gastroenterostomy

A

formation of an artificial opening between the stomach and small intestine; often performed at the time of gastrectomy to rout food fro t he remainder of the stomach to the intestine; also performed to repair a perforated duodenal ulcer

224
Q

glossectomy

A

excision of all ro part of the tongue

225
Q

glossorrhaphy

A

suture of the tongue

226
Q

hemorrhoidectomy

A

excision of hemmorhoids

227
Q

hepatic lobectomy

A

excision of a lob of the liver

228
Q

herniorrphapy

A

repair of a hernia

229
Q

hernioplasty

A

repair of a hernia

230
Q

ileostomy

A

surgical creation of an opening not eh abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for ill discharges; performed after removal of the colon, such as to treat chronic inflammatory bowel diseases

231
Q

laparoscopic sugery

A

abdominal surgery using a laparoscope

232
Q

laparotomy

A

incision into the abdomen

233
Q

pancreatectomy

A

excision of the pancreas

234
Q

polypectomy

A

excision of the polyps

235
Q

proctoplasty

A

repair of the anus and rectum

236
Q

gastric lavage

A

oral insertion of tube into he stomach for examination and treatment such as to remove blood clots form the stomach or monitor bleeding

237
Q

lavage

A

to wash

238
Q

nasogastric NG intubation

A

insertion of a tube through the nose and into the stomach for various peruses such as to obtain a gastric fluid specimen for analysis

239
Q

antacid

A

drug that neutralizes stomach acid

240
Q

antiemetic

A

drug that prevents or stops vomiting

241
Q

antispasmodic

A

drug that decreases motility int he gastrointestinal tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea

242
Q

cathartic

A

drug that causes movement of the bowels; also called a laxative

Test 6 (4 decks)

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