Gastrointestinal System Flashcards
1
Q
abdomin/o
A
abdomen
2
Q
celi/o
A
abdomen
3
Q
lapar/o
A
abdomen
4
Q
an/o
A
anus
5
Q
appendic/o
A
appendix
6
Q
bil/i
A
bile
7
Q
chol/e
A
bile
8
Q
bucc/o
A
cheek
9
Q
cheil/o
A
lip
10
Q
col/o
A
colon
11
Q
colon/o
A
olon
12
Q
cyst/o
A
bladder or sac
13
Q
denti/i
A
teeth
14
Q
doch/o
A
duct
15
Q
duoden/o
A
duodenum
16
Q
enter/o
A
small intestine
17
Q
esophag/o
A
esophagus
18
Q
gastr/o
A
stomach
19
Q
gingiv/o
A
gum
20
Q
gloss/o
A
tongue
21
Q
lingu/o
A
tongue
22
Q
hepat/o
A
liver
23
Q
hepatic/o
A
liver
24
Q
ile/o
A
ileum
25
ingruin/o
groin
26
jejune/o
jejunum (empty)
27
lith/o
stone
28
or/o
mouth
29
stomat/o
mouth
30
pancreas/o
pancreas
31
peritone/o
peritoneum
32
phag/o
eat or swallow
33
proct/o
anus and rectum
34
pylor/o
pylorus (gate keeper)
35
rect/o
rectum
36
sial/o
saliva
37
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon (resembles)
38
steat/o
fat
39
-emesis
vomiting
40
gastroenterologist
specializes in the gastro+intestinal tract
41
GI
gastrointestinal
42
herniorrhaphy
suturing of a repaired hernia
43
ileostomy
surgical creation of an opening
44
rectus
straight
45
oral cavity
cavity that receives food for digestion
46
mouth
cavity that receives food for digestion
47
salivary glands
three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva: the parotid, the submandibular, and the sublingual glands
48
cheeks
lateral walls of the mouth
49
lips
fleshy structures surrounding the mouth
50
palate
structure that forms the roof of the mouth; divided into eh hard palate and soft palate
51
uvula
small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate
52
tongue
muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucous membrane and secured by a band-like membrane known as the frenulum.
53
gums
tissue covering the processes of the jaws
54
teeth
hard bony projections in the jaws for masticating (chewing) food
55
masticating
chewing
56
pharynx
throat; passageway for food traveling to the esophagus and for air traveling to the larynx
57
esophagus
muscular tube tha moves food from he pharynx to the stomach
58
stomach
sac-like organ that chemically mixes and prepares food received from the esophagus
59
cardiac sphincter
opening from the esophagus to the stomach
60
sphincter
band
61
pyloric sphincter
opening from the stomach into the duodenum
62
small intestine
smaller tubular structure that digests food received from he stomach
63
duodenum
first portion of the small intestine
64
jejunum
second portion of the small intestine
65
ileum
third portion of the small intestine
66
large intestine
larger tubular structure that receives the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defacation
67
cecum
first part of the large intestine
68
vermiform appendix
worm-like projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function; may help to resist infection
69
vermi
worm
70
colon
portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum; identified by direction or shape
71
ascending colon
portion of the colon that extends upwards from the cecum
72
transverse colon
portion of the colon that extends across from the ascending cecum
73
descending colon
portion of the colon that extends downward from he transverse colon
74
sigmoid colon
portion of the colon (resembling an S in shape) that terminates at the rectum.
75
rectum
distal (end) portion of the large intestine
76
rectal ampulla
dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal
77
anus
opening of the rectum to the outside of the body
78
feces
waste formed by the absorption of water in the large intestine; usually solid
79
defacation
evacuation of feces from he rectum
80
peritoneum
membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity and consisting of the parietal layer (lining the abdominal wall) and the visceral alter (covering each organ in the abdomen)
81
peritoneal cavity
space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
82
omentum
an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs
83
liver
organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion
84
gallbladder
receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver
85
pancreas
gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum where it mixes with bile to digest food
86
biliary ducts
ducts that convey bile; including the hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts
87
hypochondriac regions
upper lateral regions beneath the ribs
88
epigastric region
upper middle region below the sternum
89
lumbar regions
middle lateral regions
90
umbilical region
region of the navel
91
inguinal regions
lower lateral groin regions
92
hypogastric region
region below the navel
93
anorexia
loss of appetite
94
orexia
appetite
95
alphagia
inability to swallow
96
ascites
accumulation of fluid int he peritoneal cavity
97
ascos
bag
98
buccal
in the cheek
99
diarrhea
frequent loose or liquid stools
100
constipation
infrequent or incomplete bowl movements characterized by hardened, dry stool that is difficult to pass.
101
constipo
press together
102
dyspepsia
indigestion
103
pepsis
digestion
104
dys[phagia
difficulting in swallowing
105
eructation
belch
106
flatulence
gas in the stomach or intestine
107
flatus
a blowing
108
halitosis
bad breath
109
halitus
breath
110
hematemesis
vomiting blood
111
hematochezia
red blood in stool
112
chezo
defecate
113
heptamegaly
enlargement of the liver
114
hyperbilirubinemia
excessive bilirubin (bile pigment) int eh blood
115
icterus
yellow discoloration of the skin, sclera and other tissues caused by excessive bilirubin in the blood
116
jaundice
yellow
117
melena
dark colored tarry stool caused by old blood
118
nausea
feeling sick in stomach
119
steatorrhea
feces containing fat
120
sublingual
under the tongue
121
hypoglossal
under the tongue
122
dys-
painful, difficult, or faulty
123
ankyloglossia
tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum
124
ankyl/o
crooked or stiff
125
cheilitis
inflammation of the lip
126
esophageal varices
stolen veins in the esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemmorage
127
esophagitis
inflammation of the esophagus
128
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
129
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
back flow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus often resulting from abnormal function of the lower esophageal sphincter causing burning pain in the esophagus
130
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
131
glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
132
parotidits
inflammation of the parotid gland
133
mumples
parotiditis, inflammation of the parotid gland
134
peptic ulcer disease
sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach, duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices, commonly caused by infection with heliobacter pylori bacteria
135
pept/o
to digest
136
gastric ulcer
ulcer in the stomach
137
duodenal ulcer
ulcer in the duodenum
138
pyloric stenosis
narrowed condition of the pylorus
139
sialoadenitis
inflammation of a salivary gland
140
stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
141
anal fistula
an abnormal table like passage way from the anus that may connect with the rectum
142
fistula
pipe
143
appendicitis
inflammation of the appenxdix
144
colitis
inflammation of the colon
145
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcerations
146
colorectal polyps
benign tissue growths on the mucous membrane lining the large intestine and rectum; adenomatous types are precancerous and likely to develop into malignancy
147
pediculated polyp
projected on a stalk
148
sessile polyp
lying flat not he surface
149
sessilis
low growing
150
diverticulum
an abnormal side pocket int eh gastrointestinal tract; usually related to a lack of dietary fiber
151
diverticulosis
presence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon
152
diverticulitis
inflammation of the diverticula
153
dysentery
inflammation of the intestine characterized by frequent bloody stools; most often caused by bacteria or protozoa
154
enteritits
inflammation of the small intestine
155
hemorrhoid
swollen, twisted vein in the anal region
156
haimorrhois
a vein likely to bleed
157
hernia
protrusion of a part from its local location
158
hiatal hernia
profusion of a part of the stomach upward through the opening in the diaphragm
159
inguinal hernia
proturion of a loop of the intestine through layers of the abdominal wall in the inguinal region
160
incarcerated hernia
hernia that is swollen and fixed within a sac causing an obstruction
161
strangulated hernia
hernia that is constricted, cut off from circulation and likely to become gangrenous
162
umbilical hernia
protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall and around the umbilicus (navel)
163
ileitis
inflammation of the lower portion of the small intestine
164
intussusception
prolapse of one part of the intestine into the lumen of the adjoining part
165
intus
within
166
suscipies
to take up
167
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritonecum
168
procitits
inflammation of the rectmym and anaus
169
vovulus
twisting of the bowl on itself, causing obstruction
170
volvo
to roll
171
cholangitis
inflammation of the bile ducts
172
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallblatter
173
choledocholithiasis
presence of stones in the common bile duct
174
cirrhosis
chronic disease characterized by degeneration of liver tissue; most often caused by alcoholism or a nutritional deficiency
175
cirri
yellow
176
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
177
hepatitis A
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus usually transmitted orally though fecal contamination of food or water
178
hepatitis B
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis B virus, which is transmitted sexually or by exposure to contaminated blood or body fluids
179
Hepatitis C
inflammation of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus which is transmitted by exposure to infect blood; this strain is rarely contracted sexually
180
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
181
biopsy Bx
removal and microscopic study of tissue for pathological examination
182
incisional biopsy
removal of a portion of a lesion
183
excision biopsy
removal of an entire lesion
184
needle biopsy
percutaneous removal of tissue or fluid using a special hollow needle
185
endoscopy
examination within a body cavity with a flexible endoscope for diagnosis or treatment, used in the gastrointestinal tract to detect abnormalities and to perform procedures such as biopsy excision of lesion and therapeutic intervension
186
colonoscopy
examination of the colon using a flexible colonscope
187
proctoscopy
examination of the rectum and anus with a proctoscope
188
sigmoidoscopy
examination of the sigmoid colon with a rigid or flexible sigmoidoscope
189
esophagogastroduodenoscopy EGD
examination of the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum with a flexible endoscope for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes such as biopsy, excision of lesions, removal of swallowed objects, dilation of obstructions, stent placement, measure to control hemorrhage,etc.
190
capsule endoscopy
examination of the small intestine made by a tiny video camera placed in a capsule and then swallowed. images are transmitted to a was it belt recorder and then downloaded onto computer for assessment of possible abnormalities traditional endoscopy cannot completely access the small intestine because of its length and complexity
191
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopacreatography ERCP
endoscopic procedure including x-ray fluoroscopy to examine the ducts of the liver, gallbladder, biliary ducts, and pancreas; includes use of instruments to obtain tissue samples, extract biliary stones, relieve obstructions, etc.
192
laparoscopy
examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope for diagnostic purposes and/or to perform surgery
193
magnetic resonance imaging MRI
noninxiing imaging technique for visualizing the abdnomia city to identify disease or deformity to the gastrointestinal tract
194
radiography
xray imaging used to detect a condition or anomaly within the gastrointestinal tract
195
upper gastrointestinal GI series
X-ray of the esophagus stomach and duodenum after th patient has swallowed a contract medium barium is the most commonly used meidum
196
barium swallow
X-ray of the esophagus only, often used to locate swallowed objects
197
fluoroscopy
xray imaging with a fluorescent screen to visualize structures in motion.
198
small bowel series
xray examination of the small intestine generally done in conjunction with an upper GI series
199
lower gastrointestinal GI series
xray imaging of the olon after administration of an enema containing a contrast medium
200
cholagiogram
xray image of the bile ducts, often performed during surgery
201
cholecystogram
xray image of the the gallbladder obtained after oral ingestion of iodine
202
computed tomography CT of the abdomen
cross-sectional X-ray imaging of the abdomen used to identify a condition or anomaly within the gastrointestinal tract
203
sonography
ultrasound imaging
204
abdominal sonogram
ultrasound image of the abdomen to detect disease or deformity in organs and vascular strucutres
205
endoscopic ultrasonography EUS
images produced using a sonographic transducer within an endoscope to evaluate abnormalities of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts and adjacent structures (biliary ducts, gallbladder, and pancreas) also used to guide needle biopsy of tissue and in determining the stage of a malignancy
206
stool culture and sensitivity (C &S)
isolation of a stool specimen in a culture medium to identify disease-causing organisms; if organisms are present, the drugs to which they are sensitive are listend
207
stool occult blood study
chemical test of a stool specimen to detect the presence of blood; positive findings indicate bleeding int eh gastrointestinal tract
208
abdominocentesis
puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid
209
abdominal paracentesis
puncture of the abdomen for aspiration of fluid int he peritoneal cavity
210
anal fistulectomy
excision of an anal fistula
211
anastomosis
union of two hollow vessels; a technique used in bowel surgery
212
appendectomy
excision of a diseased appendix
213
bariatric surgery
treatment of morbid obesity by surgery to the stomach and/or intestines; procedures include restrictive techniques that limit the absorption of food
214
baros
weight
215
iatric
pertains to treatment
216
cheiloplasty
repair of the lip
217
cholecystectomy
excision of the gallbladder; common treatment for symptomatic gallbladder disease
218
laparoscopic cholecystectomy
excision of the gallbladder through a laparscope
219
colostomy
creation of an opening int he colon through the abdominal wall to creat an abdominal anus, allowing stool to bypass a disease portion of the colon' performed to treat ulcerative colitis cancer, or obstructions
220
esophagoplasty
repair of the esophagus
221
gastroectomy
partial or complete removal of the stomach
222
gastric resection
partial removal and repair of the stomach
223
gastroenterostomy
formation of an artificial opening between the stomach and small intestine; often performed at the time of gastrectomy to rout food fro t he remainder of the stomach to the intestine; also performed to repair a perforated duodenal ulcer
224
glossectomy
excision of all ro part of the tongue
225
glossorrhaphy
suture of the tongue
226
hemorrhoidectomy
excision of hemmorhoids
227
hepatic lobectomy
excision of a lob of the liver
228
herniorrphapy
repair of a hernia
229
hernioplasty
repair of a hernia
230
ileostomy
surgical creation of an opening not eh abdomen to which the end of the ileum is attached, providing a passageway for ill discharges; performed after removal of the colon, such as to treat chronic inflammatory bowel diseases
231
laparoscopic sugery
abdominal surgery using a laparoscope
232
laparotomy
incision into the abdomen
233
pancreatectomy
excision of the pancreas
234
polypectomy
excision of the polyps
235
proctoplasty
repair of the anus and rectum
236
gastric lavage
oral insertion of tube into he stomach for examination and treatment such as to remove blood clots form the stomach or monitor bleeding
237
lavage
to wash
238
nasogastric NG intubation
insertion of a tube through the nose and into the stomach for various peruses such as to obtain a gastric fluid specimen for analysis
239
antacid
drug that neutralizes stomach acid
240
antiemetic
drug that prevents or stops vomiting
241
antispasmodic
drug that decreases motility int he gastrointestinal tract to arrest spasm or diarrhea
242
cathartic
drug that causes movement of the bowels; also called a laxative
