Urinary System Flashcards
The renal cortex and renal pyramids of the renal medulla constitute the functional portion of the kidney, called parenchyma. Within the parenchyma are the functional units of the kidney, about 1,000,000/2,000,000/3,000,000 nephrons.
1 million nephrons.
True or false?
Glomerulus is a network of capillaries.
True.
What is the first step to produce urine?
Glomular filtration; occurs in the renal corpuscle.
What is the second step to produce urine?
Tubular reabsorption; occurs all along renal tubule and collecting duct.
What is the third step to produce urine
Tubular secretion; occurs all along the renal tubule and collecting duct.
What is reabsorption?
The return of substances to the bloodstream.
When is absorption?
The entry of new substances into the body as occurs in the G.I. tract.
What is secretion?
The removal of a substance from the blood.
What is the average daily volume of blood plasma filtered by the kidneys?
150 to 180 L.
What is the major function of the renal tubule?
Re-absorption.
Which substances are typically reabsorbed by the tubules?
Glucose, water, sodium, amino acids.
Which hormones affects the extent of Na+ and Ca2+ and water reabsorbtion and K+ secretion by the renal tubules?
Aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide, antidiuretic hormone, parathyroid hormone.
Does aldosterone increase water excretion?
No. It increases water reabsorption.
Does aldosterone decrease sodium and water retention in the blood?
No
Does aldosterone increase potassium concentration in the blood?
No
Does aldosterone decrease blood pressure?
No.
What is the average urine output of an adult?
1500 mL per day.
Is the ureter continuous with the major calyx?
No.
Does the ureter exhibit peristalsis?
Yes.
Is the ureter longer in a male than a female?
No. They are the same size.
Is the urinary bladder lined with simple squamous epithelium?
No.
Does the urinary bladder have a thick muscular wall?
Yes.
Does the urinary bladder received the ureters at its inferior aspect?
No.
The internal urethral sphincter is voluntary/involuntary and consists of smooth/skeletal muscles..
Involuntary, smooth muscles.
The external urethral sphincter is voluntary/involuntary and consists of smooth/skeletal muscles.
Voluntary, skeletal muscles.
Which structures/organs aids in excretion of the kidneys?
Skin, lungs, G.I. tract.
Which substances are normally found in urine?
Creatinine, potassium ions, urochrome, uric acid, ammonia.
What is the normal percentage of body weight that is water for young to middle-aged man?
60%
When carbon dioxide enters the blood it becomes converted to what?
Bicarbonate ion and carbonic anhydrase.
What is the pH level for blood?
7.35 to 7.45.
List the major roles of the kidneys.
Maintains water and electrolyte balance, regulates blood pH, blood volume, blood pressure, dispose of nitrogen containing wastes, manufacture urine.
