Urinary System

Question 1

The renal cortex and renal pyramids of the renal medulla constitute the functional portion of the kidney, called parenchyma. Within the parenchyma are the functional units of the kidney, about 1,000,000/2,000,000/3,000,000 nephrons.

Answer 1

1 million nephrons.

Question 2

True or false?

Glomerulus is a network of capillaries.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

What is the first step to produce urine?

Answer 3

Glomular filtration; occurs in the renal corpuscle.

Question 4

What is the second step to produce urine?

Answer 4

Tubular reabsorption; occurs all along renal tubule and collecting duct.

Question 5

What is the third step to produce urine

Answer 5

Tubular secretion; occurs all along the renal tubule and collecting duct.

Question 6

What is reabsorption?

Answer 6

The return of substances to the bloodstream.

Question 7

When is absorption?

Answer 7

The entry of new substances into the body as occurs in the G.I. tract.

Question 8

What is secretion?

Answer 8

The removal of a substance from the blood.

Question 9

What is the average daily volume of blood plasma filtered by the kidneys?

Answer 9

150 to 180 L.

Question 10

What is the major function of the renal tubule?

Answer 10

Re-absorption.

Question 11

Which substances are typically reabsorbed by the tubules?

Answer 11

Glucose, water, sodium, amino acids.

Question 12

Which hormones affects the extent of Na+ and Ca2+ and water reabsorbtion and K+ secretion by the renal tubules?

Answer 12

Aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide, antidiuretic hormone, parathyroid hormone.

Question 13

Does aldosterone increase water excretion?

Answer 13

No. It increases water reabsorption.

Question 14

Does aldosterone decrease sodium and water retention in the blood?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Does aldosterone increase potassium concentration in the blood?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

Does aldosterone decrease blood pressure?

Answer 16

No.

Question 17

What is the average urine output of an adult?

Answer 17

1500 mL per day.

Question 18

Is the ureter continuous with the major calyx?

Answer 18

No.

Question 19

Does the ureter exhibit peristalsis?

Answer 19

Yes.

Question 20

Is the ureter longer in a male than a female?

Answer 20

No. They are the same size.

Question 21

Is the urinary bladder lined with simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 21

No.

Question 22

Does the urinary bladder have a thick muscular wall?

Answer 22

Yes.

Question 23

Does the urinary bladder received the ureters at its inferior aspect?

Answer 23

No.

Question 24

The internal urethral sphincter is voluntary/involuntary and consists of smooth/skeletal muscles..

Answer 24

Involuntary, smooth muscles.

Question 25

The external urethral sphincter is voluntary/involuntary and consists of smooth/skeletal muscles.

Answer 25

Voluntary, skeletal muscles.

Question 26

Which structures/organs aids in excretion of the kidneys?

Answer 26

Skin, lungs, G.I. tract.

Question 27

Which substances are normally found in urine?

Answer 27

Creatinine, potassium ions, urochrome, uric acid, ammonia.

Question 28

What is the normal percentage of body weight that is water for young to middle-aged man?

Answer 28

60%

Question 29

When carbon dioxide enters the blood it becomes converted to what?

Answer 29

Bicarbonate ion and carbonic anhydrase.

Question 30

What is the pH level for blood?

Answer 30

7.35 to 7.45.

Question 31

List the major roles of the kidneys.

Answer 31

Maintains water and electrolyte balance, regulates blood pH, blood volume, blood pressure, dispose of nitrogen containing wastes, manufacture urine.