Respiratory System Flashcards
The lower respiratory system consists of:
Larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchi.
What is the function of the nasal conchae?
To increase surface area of internal nose, and prevents dehydration.
What is the function of the epiglottis?
It prevents aspiration of food or liquid into the lungs.
The trachea is located ___________ to the epiglottis.
Anterior.
These sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system results in constriction/relaxation of smooth muscle in the bronchioles.
The parasympathetic division has the opposite effect.
Relaxation. The parasympathetic division results in constriction.
When the plural cavities filled with air, it is called _____________.
Air in the plural cavities may cause the lungs to collapse.
Pneumothorax.
What is the function of surfactant?
Lowers the surface tension of the alveolar fluid, preventing collapse with every expiration.
The exchange of respiratory gases occurs by diffusion/osmosis/active transport across the alveolar and capillary walls, which together form the respiratory membrane or air-blood barrier.
Diffusion.
Extending from the alveolar air space to blood plasma, the respiratory membrane consists of how many layers?
Four.
Deoxygenated blood passes through the pulmonary arteries/pulmonary veins and then enters the lung.
Deoxygenated blood passes through the pulmonary arteries.
The upper respiratory system consists of:
Nose, nasopharynx, nasal cavity, oropharynx, laryngopharynx.
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through pulmonary arteries/pulmonary veins.
Pulmonary veins.
External/internal respiration is the exchange of gases between alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
It is also called pulmonary gas exchange.
External respiration, also known as pulmonary gas exchange.
External/internal respiration is the exchange of gases between blood and systemic could pillories and tissue cells.
It is also called systemic gas exchange.
Internal respiration, also called systemic gas exchange.
When the volume of this to rest a cavity increases, the air pressure inside the lungs increases/decreases.
Decreases.
During quiet inhalation, no muscular contractions are involved.
True or false?
False. The diaphragm and external intercostals are contracting.
During quiet exhalation, no muscular contractions are involved.
True or false?
True. Quiet exhalation is a passive process.
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
The volume of air that can be forcefully inhaled above tidal volume.
What is tidal volume?
Tidal volume is the volume of air exchanged with each breath.
What is expiratory reserve volume?
The volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after normal exhalation.
What is residual volume?
The volume of their remaining in the lungs at the end of forced expiration.
What is vital capacity?
Vital capacity is the volume of their breezed out completely after maximal inspiration.
True or false:
Oxygen has a greater affinity or tightness for hemoglobin then carbon dioxide.
True.
True or false?
Oxygen has a greater affinity or tightness for hemoglobin and carbon monoxide.
False. Oxygen has a greater affinity for carbon monoxide then hemoglobin.
True or false?
An effect of aging on the respiratory system is that the elasticity of airways and tissues of the respiratory tract increases.
False. Elasticity decreases with aging.
True or false?
The number of macrophages in the lungs increases with aging.
False. The number of macrophages decreases with aging.
True or false?
The rigidity of the chest wall decreases with aging.
True.
True or false?
The rigidity the activity of ciliary action of the lining in the respiratory tract increases.
False. The activity of ciliary action of the lining of the respiratory tract decreases with aging.
What are the two principal types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
True false?
Chronic smoking increases ciliary activity.
False.
True or false?
Chronic smoking increases the affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin.
False.
True false?
Chronic smoking can cause chronic bronchitis.
True.
True or false?
Chronic smoking can increase mucus production.
True.
What is dyspnea?
Painful or labored breathing.
What is tachypnea?
Rapid and shallow breathing.
What is hyperventilation?
Rapid and deep breathing.
What is apnea?
Cessation or stopping breathing.
What is eupnea?
Normal pattern of quiet breathing.
