Urinary System Flashcards
This is the inner layer of the kidney
Renal medulla
This is the superficial layer of the kidney. It is shaded dark brown due to the dense system of blood vessels that aid in the filtering of blood in the kidney
Renal cortex
These are a series of darker, conical regions found in the renal medulla. The majority of the tubules of the nephrons occur in these regions.
Renal pyramid
These are inward extensions of the renal cortex that separate the renal pyramid
Renal columns
These are the tips at the base of the renal pyramids which project into a minor calyx. These structures drain urine from the pyramids into the minor calyxes
Renal papillae
A cup-shaped cavity at the base of the renal papilla, which drains urine from the renal papillae into the major calyxes
Minor calyx
The cavity formed by the convergence of several minor calyxes which drain urine from the minor calyxes into the renal pelvis
Major calyx
A funnel shaped cavity formed by the convergence of the major calyxes, which collects urine from the major calyx and joins the ureter
Renal pelvis
A tube which conducts urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder
Ureter
The connective tissue covering the external surface of the kidney
Renal capsule
The vessel which carries oxygenated blood from the aorta to the kidney to be filtered
Renal artery
The vessel which carries unoxygenated and filtered blood from the kidney to the inferior vena cava
Renal vein
wbc in the urine suggests an infection in the urinary tract
Leukocytes
Presence of this compound indicates a probable urinary tract infection. when bacteria in the urine change nitrate to nitrite
Nitrite
Many factors such as drugs, diet, time of day, and health affect this
pH
Acute causes may include severe emotional stress, strenuous exercise, or fever.
Chronic causes may be diabetes, malaria, heat disease, high blood pressure sickle cell anemia, or even pregnancy.
Protein
This compound forms from the breakdown of bilirubin, and eliminated from the body through bile, into the digestive tract.
May indicate liver damage or blockage of the flow of bile from gallbladder
Urobilinogen
This compound is formed from the breakdown of red blood cells it is not normally found in urine.
It’s presence may indicate liver damage, or blockage of the flow of bile from the gallbladder
Bilirubin
can indicate diabetes mellitus, kidney damage, or stress.
Glucose
when fat is metabolized for energy.
A large amount may indicate:
Low carbohydrate diet, starvation, or diabetic ketoacidosis.
Ketone
The presence of RBCs in the urine indicates damage to the kidneys caused by inflammation, kidney stones, kidney disease, or blunt trauma.
Blood
