Urinary System Flashcards
The urinary system consists of these four structures.
Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra
This structure of the urinary system is retroperitoneal in location (posterior to the parietal membrane).
the kidneys.
The kidneyis enclosed in a compartment called the _________ ____________ which helps to anchor the kidneys in location.
Renal fascia.
True or false? Ureters are muscular ducts which move through the duct via hydrostatic pressure only.
False, the main movement pushing urine through the duct is achieved through peristalsis.
The two muscular layers of the ureter consist of…
the inner longitudinal layer and the outer circular layer of muscle.
There are 3 areas of constrictions in the ureter, where are they?
- Uteropelvic junction
- pelvic inlet
- entrance to bladder
Having constrictions in the ureter can be problematic in the following two conditions.
Kinking and kidney stones.
Where is the site of renal transplantation in the body?
In the iliac fossa of the greater pelvis.
How are the ducts of the kidney transplanted in the body?
The renal artery and vein are joined to the external iliac artery and vein respectively and the ureter is sutured into the urinary bladder.
hard “pebbles” composed of organic or inorganic acids or other materials which can form in the kidney, ureter, or urinary bladder are called what?
Renal or ureteric calculi.
This condition caused by “stones” can cause intermittent plain (ureteric colic) and can cause complete or intermittent obstruction of urinary flow.
Uretic calculus.
Depending on the location of the ureteric calculus what can happen to the associated pain?
Pain may be referred to the lumbar or inguinal regions, or to the external genitalia and/or testes.
In the lumbar area how is pain from uretic calculus referred?
It is referred to the cutaneous areas innervated by spinal cord segments and sensory ganglia, mainly T11-L2.
As a kidney stone moves into the ureter, pain is known to pass “from the loin the the groin”. In the groin, how is pain from kidney stones referred?
Pain may extend through the genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2) which innervates the scrotum and the labia majora.
In order to break up kidney stones, shockwaves are focused through the body to break the stone into fragments. What is this treatment called?
Lithrotripsy
What structure of the urinary bladder connects the end of the ureter to the urethra?
Trigone
This structure is a remnant of the fetal urinary canal in the embryo. What is it called?
Urachus
The lining of the urinary bladder is what kind of epithelium?
Transitional epithelium
The urinary bladder consists of 3 layers of muscles which collectively called detrusor muscles (to thrust out). Name the three layers.
Inner longitudinal layer,
middle circular layer,
outer longitudinal layer
The examination of the urinary bladder with a cystoscope (sometimes outfitted with a laser or device to grab stones) which is administered through the urethra is termed…
Cystoscopty
The urethra is longer in which sex?
Males.
