Female Reproduction

Question 1

The ovary is enclosed in a connective tissue capsule called…

Answer 1

tunica albuginea

Question 2

The connective tissue capsule of prepubertal female ovaries consists of what tissue?

Answer 2

Simple cuboidal epithelium covering of surface (germinal) epithelium.

Question 3

What happens to the connective tissue capsule post-puberty?

Answer 3

Epithelium becomes progressively scarred and distorted because of repeated rupture of ovarian follicles.

Question 4

The ovary consists of a cortex and the medulla (the middle portion of the ovary). Which structure holds the ovarian follicles and which holds the blood vessels?

Answer 4

Cortex: Holds follicles
Medulla: contains blood vessels.

Question 5

This ligament of the female reproductive parts extends from the pevlic brim to the superolateral aspect o the ovary. It contains the blood vessels, lympnatics, and nerves.

Answer 5

Suspensory ligament of the ovary.

Question 6

This ligament of the ovary extends from the medial boarder of the ovary to the uterus posteroinferio to the uterotubal junction.

Answer 6

ligament of the ovary.

Question 7

This ligament extends laterally from the anterioinferior uterotubal junction, passes over the pelvic inlet to the deep inguinal ring, through the inguinal canal to the labia majora.

Answer 7

Round ligament of the uterus.

Question 8

This ligament of the uterus is a double layer of peritoneun that extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral falls and floor of the pelvis.

Answer 8

Broad ligament of the uterus.

Question 9

Subdivisions (3) of the broad ligament of the uterus include what?

Answer 9

Mesovarium, Mesosalpinx, mesometrium

Question 10

This artery of female reproduction arises from the abdominal aorta, descends along the posterior abdominal wall and at the pelvic brim enters the suspensory ligament to approach the lateral aspect of the ovary. Also known as the gonadal artery

Answer 10

Ovarian artery.

Question 11

This arteries of female reproductive parts branch off the internal iliac arteries to approach the lateral sides of the uterus where they ascend up the uterus to the medial aspect of the ovary.

Answer 11

Ascending prances of the uterine arteries.

Question 12

How is blood drained from the ovary?

Answer 12

Veins draining the ovary toem a pampiniform plexus of veins, which merge to form a singular ovarian vein.

Question 13

the uterine tubes are also known as these structures.

Answer 13

Oviducts or fallopian tubes

Question 14

this structure is the site of fertilization and likes within these mesosalpinx.

Answer 14

uterine tubes

Question 15

the uterine tubes are divided into to 4 parts. Name them in the order of most distal to most proximal.

Answer 15

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus, uterine part

Question 16

This section of the uterine tubes consists of the abdominal ostium, the fimbriae, and the ovarian finbria

Answer 16

infundibulum.

Question 17

this section of the uterine tubes is the widest and longest part of the tube. It is also the site of fertilization.

Answer 17

ampulla.

Question 18

this part of the uterine tube is thick-walled which enterns the uterine horn.

Answer 18

isthmus.

Question 19

this part of the uterine tube is a short intramural segment of the tube that passes through the wall of the uterus. It contains the uterine ostium.

Answer 19

uterine part

Question 20

This structure of female reproduction is thick-walled, pear-shaped hallow muscular organ. The size and proportions of this organ changes during the various changes in life.

Answer 20

Uterus.

Question 21

Many times in textbooks the female reproductive organs are depicted as a straight structure, when it is not. What is the orientation of the uterus in the body?

Answer 21

It is tipped anteriosuperiorly relative to the axis of the vagina (anteverted) and bent anteriorly relative to the cervix to its mass lies over the bladder (anteflexed).

Question 22

When the uterus is anteverted and anteflexed, manual palpation is done via this method.

Answer 22

Bimanual palpation.

Question 23

If the uterus is retroverted and retroflexed, manual palpation of the uterus is done by this method,

Answer 23

Rectovaginal examination.

Question 24

the instrument used for cervical examination and pap smear is called…

Answer 24

the speculum.

Question 25

This cancer, the third most common type of cancer in women, develops slowly, usually starts as a precancerous condition called dysplasia which is detected by pap smear.

Answer 25

Cervical cancer.

Question 26

What are the risk factors for cervical cancer?

Answer 26

1. Having sex at an early age 2. multi-sex partners 3. risky sex behavior. 4. not getting the HPV vaccine 5. women whose mother took DES during pregnancy 6. Weakened immune system

Question 27

All cervical cancers are caused by this virus. Men can be infected and pass it to women and are recommended to also get the vaccine.

Answer 27

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

Question 28

This structure of female reproduction is a distensible musculomembranous tube which is usually collapsed except at the superior end where the cervix holds the walls apart.

Answer 28

Vagina.

Question 29

This structure describes the transverse ridges of the vagina.

Answer 29

Vaginal rugae

Question 30

At childhood the vaginal epithelium is made up of this tissue.

Answer 30

Simple cuboidal

Question 31

after puberty, the vaginal epithelium changes to be made up of this tissue,

Answer 31

stratified squamous under the influence of estrogens; an example of metaplasia.

Question 32

The mucosa of the vagina contains glycogen which decomposes to lactic acid. For what purpose?

Answer 32

It keeps the vaginal PH ad 3.5-4 which slows microbial growth. This pH is also injurous to sperm.

Question 33

The external female genitalia consists of these structures:

Answer 33

1. The mons pubis 2. labia majora 3. labia minora 4. clitoris 5. Vesibule

Question 34

This structure of the external female genitalia consists of adipose tissue over the pubic symphysis and is formed under the influence of estrogen.

Answer 34

mons pubis.

Question 35

This structure of the external female genitalia is filled with loose subcutaneous tissue containing smooth muscle. This external aspects are covered with hair and are pigmented while its internal aspect is pink and hairless. This structure if homologous to the scrotum.

Answer 35

labia majora.

Question 36

This structure of the external female genitalia consists of rounded folds of fat-free, hairless skin. Has a core of spongy connective tissue containing erectile tissue at their base and many small blood vessels.

Answer 36

Labia minora

Question 37

anteriorly the labia minora form two lamina: What are they?

Answer 37

The medial lamina and the lateral lamina.

Question 38

The media lamina unites to form what structures?

Answer 38

The frenulum of the clitoris.

Question 39

the lateral lamina united anterior to the glans of the clitoris to for what structure?

Answer 39

The prepuce of the clitoris.

Question 40

this structure of the external female genitalia is an erectile organ consisting or a root and a small cylindrical body which are composed of two crura, two corpora canernosa and a glans. It is homologous to the glans of the penis.

Answer 40

the clitoris.

Question 41

This structure external female genitalia is the space between the labia minora and contains the vaginal orifice, external urethral orifice, the paraurethreal glands, the greated vestibular lands, and the brlbs of the vestibule.

Answer 41

Vestibule

Question 42

These glands in the vestibule are embedded into the wall of the urethra and secretes mucus. It is homologous to the prostate.

Answer 42

paraurethral glands.

Question 43

These glands of the vestibule empty into the lower vagina and provide lubricant for sexual intercourse. It is homologous to cowper's glands.

Answer 43

Greater vestibular glands.

Question 44

This structure situated in the vestibule of the external female genitalia are paired masses of elongated erectile tissue that lie a long the sides of the vaginal orifice, deep to the labia minora. It is homologous to the bulb of the penis.

Answer 44

bulb of the vestibule.

Question 45

In mammals, nipples always form along this line.

Answer 45

the milk ridge.

Question 46

These ligaments help to hold up the lobules of mammary glands.

Answer 46

suspensory ligaments.

Question 47

This condition describes supernumerary breasts,

Answer 47

polymastia

Question 48

this condition describes having accessory nipples.

Answer 48

polythelia.