Urinary System

Question 1

1. The renal pelvis:
A. is lined by transitional epithelium
B. is surrounded by the fat of the renal sinus
C. has smooth muscle in its wall
D. has an adventitia
E. all of the above

Answer 1

E. all of the above

Question 2

2. Cells of the proximal convoluted tubules:
   A. have a prominent brush border
   B. are eosinophilic due to large numbers of mitochondria
   C. exhibit extensive infoldings of the basal plasma membrane
   D. have indistinct lateral intercellular borders via light microscopy
   E. all the above

Answer 2

E. all the above

Question 3

3. Which is TRUE concerning the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
   A. the macula densa is part of the proximal tubule
   B. the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells are modified epithelial cells
   C. JG cells are found in both the afferent and efferent arterioles
   D. macula densa cells secrete renin

Answer 3

C. JG cells are found in both the afferent and efferent arterioles

Question 4

4. Which of the following is the central structure of a renal lobule?
A. Cortical column
B. Interlobular artery
C. Renal hilum
D. Arcuate artery
E. Medullary ray

Answer 4

E. Medullary ray

Question 5

5. Which of the following is MISMATCHED?

A. visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule – podocytes
B. parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule – simple squamous epithelium
C. proximal tubule cells – many mitochondria; an ion-pumping cell
D. distal tubule cells – brush border
E. thin segment of Henle’s loop – simple squamous epithelium

Answer 5

D. distal tubule cells – brush border

Question 6

6. Which of the following renal vessels is found between an arcuate artery and an afferent arteriole?
A. Interlobar artery
B. Efferent arteriole
C. Glomerular capillary
D. Interlobular artery
E. Arteriola recta of the vasa recta

Answer 6

D. Interlobular artery

Question 7

7. A small protein (approximately 30,000 daltons) passes through the glomerular basement membrane into the glomerular filtrate. Cells of which of the following tissues would remove the protein from the filtrate?

A. Visceral epithelium of the renal corpuscle
B. Distal convoluted tubule
C. Glomerular mesangium
D. Proximal convoluted tubule
E. Parietal layer of the renal corpuscle

Answer 7

D. Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 8

8. Identification of a macula densa in a section of kidney also identifies an example of a
A. proximal tubule
B. loop of Henle
C. distal tubule
D. collecting duct
E. papillary duct

Answer 8

C. distal tubule

Question 9

9. Papillary ducts of Bellini drain into the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in a multilobar kidney.
A. minor calyx, area cribrosa
B. major calyx, renal sinus
C. minor calyx, renal sinus
D. major calyx, renal pelvis
E. None of the above

Answer 9

A. minor calyx, area cribrosa

Question 10

10. Consider a renal column. Which of the following is FALSE?
    A. It consists of cortical tissue
    B. Branches of the arcuate artery extend radially outward through them
    C. Interlobar arteries pass through them
    D. It is located adjacent to the renal pyramids
    E. It is part of the medulla of the kidney

Answer 10

B. Branches of the arcuate artery extend radially outward through them

Question 11

11. The kidney contains an arterial portal system in which the first capillary bed is:
A. located in the renal sinus
B. the glomerular capillaries
C. the peritubular capillaries
D. the vasa recta
E. None of the above

Answer 11

B. the glomerular capillaries

Question 12

12. Which is the FALSE statement about the ureter and urinary bladder?
    A. Both are lined by transitional epithelium.
    B. Both have a muscularis that is arranged as an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle.
    C. Both have an adventitia over at least part of their length.
    D. Both lack a muscularis mucosae.

Answer 12

B. Both have a muscularis that is arranged as an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle.