- A normal keratinocyte of the stratum basale will NOT have (contain):
A. a metaphase plate
B. tonofilaments inserting into hemidesmosomes
C. a cornified envelope
D. an extensive RER and prominent Golgi for release of secreted glycoproteins.
E. both “C” and “D”
E. both “C” and “D”
- Keratohyalin granules:
A. stain intensely with eosin
B. contain glycosphingolipids, phospholipids, and ceramides that are released into the extracellular spaces between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum
C. mark the last living layer of the epidermis
D. contain unmodified profilaggrin that is easily visible in the stratum corneum
E. both “A” and “B”
C. mark the last living layer of the epidermis
- Which of the following LACK desmosomal contacts with surrounding cells?
A. keratinocytes of the stratum basale B. Merkel cells C. Langerhans cells D. melanocytes E. both "C" and "D"
E. both “C” and “D”
- The glassy membrane separates the _________ from the ________ of the hair follicle.
A. inner root sheath; outer root sheath B. outer root sheath; dermal root sheath C. tip of the dermal papilla; cell matrix D. medulla; cortex E. cortex; cuticle
B. outer root sheath; dermal root sheath
5. Which of the following is NOT associated with hair follicles? A. eccrine sweat glands B. apocrine sweat glands C. sebaceous glands D. smooth muscle of arrector pili
A. eccrine sweat glands
- The skin contributes to temperature homeostasis under hot environmental conditions via each of the following, EXCEPT:
A. evaporative cooling due to eccrine sweat gland secretion.
B. local vasodilation ensures perfusion of the subpapillary vascular plexus and papillary
loops for delivery of warmed blood to the body’s surface
C. opening of the arteriovenous anastomoses that are located between the cutaneous
vascular plexus and the subpapillary vascular plexus
D. both “A” and “B”
E. both “B” and “C”
C. opening of the arteriovenous anastomoses that are located between the cutaneous
7. Which of the following describes the secretory mechanism by which sebum is produced? A. apocrine B. cytocrine C. eccrine D. holocrine
D. holocrine
8. A skin cell type that functions as an antigen-presenting cell; derived from bone marrow. A. keratinocyte, nonkeratinized B. keratinocyte, keratinized C. melanocyte D. Langerhans cell E. Merkel cell
D. Langerhans cell
9. A skin cell type that oxidizes tyrosine; derived from neural crest. A. keratinocyte, nonkeratinized B. keratinocyte, keratinized C. melanocyte D. Langerhans cell E. Merkel cell
C. melanocyte
- Membrane-coating granules (lamellar bodies) are NOT or do NOT:
A. stain intensely with eosin
B. contain glycosphingolipids, phospholipids, and ceramides that are released into the extracellular spaces between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum
C. form the lipid envelope to contribute to the epidermal water barrier
D. are first seen in cells of the stratum spinosum
E. both “A” and “D”
A. stain intensely with eosin
- What feature(s) enable one to identify melanocytes in a histologic sample of pigmented skin?
A. They contain the highest concentration of melanin.
B. Their cytoplasm often appears pale by comparison to the adjacent keratinocytes that have a higher amount of melanin.
C. One can stain for desmoplakins and desmogleins, the cadherin proteins found in desmosomes.
D. both “A” and “C”
E. None of the above.
B. Their cytoplasm often appears pale by comparison to the adjacent keratinocytes that have a higher amount of melanin.
12. Which glands in the integument secrete in a merocrine fashion? A. apocrine sweat glands B. eccrine sweat glands C. sebaceious glands D. All of the above E. only "A" and "B"
E. only “A” and “B”
- The major difference between darker skin and lighter skin is:
A. the relative concentration of melanocytes per unit area of skin surface.
B. the relative activity of cutaneous melanocytes in creation of melaosomes
C. the relative action of cutaneous melanocytes in transferring melanosomes to keratinocytes
D. the fate of the melanosomes once they are within the keratinocyte
E. None of the above.
D. the fate of the melanosomes once they are within the keratinocyte
- Which of the following layers is only present in thick and hairless epidermis?
A. stratum basale B. stratum spinosum C. stratum granulosum D. stratum lucidum E. stratum corneum
D. stratum lucidum
- Consider the dermis. Which of the following is FALSE?
A. composed of both loose and dense connective tissue
B. collagen fibers predominate and they are mostly type I
C. it is poorly innervated
D. it has a rich superficial vascular bed
E. provides nourishment for the epidermis
C. it is poorly innervated
- Consider myoepithelial cells. Which of the following is FALSE?
A. located within the basal lamina of the secretory cells
B. have high concentration of actin and myosin in their cytoplasm and thus are intensely eosinophilic
C. found only on the secretory portions, not the ducts, of apocrine and eccrine sweat glands
D. aid in release of sebum from sebaceous glands
E. have many of the characteristics of smooth muscle cells
D. aid in release of sebum from sebaceous glands
17. Which body region, in the human, has thick skin? A. scalp B. upper eyelid C. palms and soles D. inside of upper arm E. outside of upper thigh
C. palms and soles
18. Each of the following body regions, in the human, has a hypodermis that is rich in white adipose tissue, EXCEPT for the: A. face B. upper eyelid C. palms and soles D. inside of upper arm E. outside of upper thigh
B. upper eyelid
19. Which of the following is NOT part of a pilosebaceous unit? A. Eccrine sweat gland B. Apocrine sweat gland C. Arrector pili D. Hair follicle E. Sebaceous gland
A. Eccrine sweat gland
20. Which component of a hair follicle is continuous with the outer epidermis? A. Dermal root sheath B. Glassy membrane C. External root sheath D. Internal root sheath E. None of the above.
C. External root sheath
