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Medical Terminology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

kidneys

A

Two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum. Their function is to remove waste products from the blodd and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balance

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2
Q

nephron

A

urine-producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney.

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3
Q

glomerulus (pl. glomeruli)

A

cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. the process of filtering the blood, thereby forming urine, begins here.

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4
Q

renal pelvis

A

funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the bladder

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5
Q

hilum

A

indentation on the medial side of the kindy where the ureter leaves the kidney

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6
Q

ureters

A

two slender tubes, approxiamtely 10 to 13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder

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7
Q

urinary bladder

A

muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine. As it fills, the thick, muscular wall becomes thinner, and the organ increases in size.

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8
Q

urethra

A

lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

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9
Q

urinary meatus

A

opening through which the urine passes to the outside

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10
Q

cysto, vesic/o

A

bladder, sac

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11
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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12
Q

meat/o

A

meatus (opening)

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13
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidney

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14
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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15
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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16
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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17
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin

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18
Q

azot/o

A

urea, nitrogen

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19
Q

blast/o

A

developing cell, germ cell

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20
Q

glyc/o, glycos/o

A

sugar

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21
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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22
Q

lith/o

A

stone, calculus

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23
Q

noct/i

A

night

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24
Q

olig/o

A

scanty, few

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25
Q

son/o

A

sound

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26
Q

tom/o

A

cut, section

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27
Q

urin/o, ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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28
Q

-gram

A

record, radiographic image

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29
Q

-iasis, -esis

A

condition

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30
Q

-lysis

A

loosening, dissolution, separating

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31
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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32
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping, sagging, prolapse

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33
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suturing, repairing

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34
Q

-tripsy

A

surgical crushing

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35
Q

-trophy

A

nourishment, development

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36
Q

-uria

A

urine, urination

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37
Q

hydronephrosis

A

abnormal condition of water in the kidney

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38
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of the kidney

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39
Q

nephroblastoma

A

kidney tumor containing developing cells

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40
Q

nephrohypertrophy

A

excessive development (increase in size) of the kidney

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41
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

condition of stones in the kidney

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42
Q

nephroma

A

tumor of the kidney

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43
Q

nephromegaly

A

enlargement of the kidney

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44
Q

nephroptosis

A

drooping kidney

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45
Q

pyelitis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis

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46
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney

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47
Q

ureteritis

A

inflammation of the ureter

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48
Q

ureterocele

A

protrusion of a ureter (distally into the bladder)

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49
Q

ureterolithiasis

A

condition of stones in the ureters

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50
Q

ureterostenosis

A

narrowing of the ureter

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51
Q

urethrocystitis

A

inflammation of the urethra and the bladder

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52
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged

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53
Q

renal calculus

A

stone in the kidney

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54
Q

renal failure

A

loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance

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55
Q

renal hypertension

A

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

56
Q

urinary suppression

A

sudden stoppage of urine formation

57
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

58
Q

cystectomy

A

excision of the bladder

59
Q

cystolithotomy

A

incision of the bladder to remove a stone

60
Q

cystostomy

A

creating an artifical opening into the bladder

61
Q

cystorrhaphy

A

suturing the bladder

62
Q

cystotomy, vesicotomy

A

incision of the bladder

63
Q

lithotripsy

A

surgical crushing of a stone

64
Q

meatotomy

A

incision of the meatus (to enlarge it)

65
Q

nephrectomy

A

excision of the kidney

66
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

incision of the kidney to remove a stone

67
Q

nephrolithotripsy

A

surgical crushing of a stone in the kidney

68
Q

nephrolysis

A

separating the kidney (from other body structures); to free the kidney from adhesions

69
Q

nephropexy

A

surgical fixation of the kidney

70
Q

nephrostomy

A

creation of an artifical opening into the kidney

71
Q

pyelolithotomy

A

incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone

72
Q

pyeloplasty

A

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

73
Q

ureterostomy

A

creation of an artifical opening into the ureter

74
Q

ureterectomy

A

excision of a ureter

75
Q

urethroplasty

A

surgical repair of the urethra

76
Q

vesicourethral suspension

A

suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra

77
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

A

a noninvasive treatment for removal of kidney stone or ureteral stone. By using ultrasound and fluoroscopic imaging, the stone is positioned at a focal point. Repeated firing of the shock waves renders the stone into fragments that pass from the body in the urine.

78
Q

fulguration

A

destruction of living tissue with an electric spark

79
Q

renal transplant

A

surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace a nonfunctioning kidney

80
Q

cystogram

A

radiographic image of the bladder

81
Q

cystography

A

radiographic imaging of the bladder

82
Q

intravenous urogram (IVU)

A

radiographic image of the urinary tract

83
Q

nephrogram

A

radiographic image of the kidney

84
Q

nephrography

A

radiographic imaging of the kidney

85
Q

nephrosonography

A

process of recording the kidney using sound (an ultrasound test)

86
Q

nephrotomogram

A

sectional radiographic image of the kidney

87
Q

renogram

A

(graphic) record of the kidney

88
Q

retrograde urogram

A

radiographic image of the urinary tract

89
Q

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

A

radiographic imaging of the bladder and the urethra

90
Q

KUB (Kidney, ureter, bladder)

A

a simple radiographic image of the abdomen. It is often used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine size, shape, and location.

91
Q

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

a blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to determine kidney function. An increased BUN indicates renal dysfunction

92
Q

creatinine (cre-AT-i-nin)

A

a blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood. An elevated amount may indicate impaired kidney function.

93
Q

specific gravity (SG)

A

a test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys

94
Q

urinalysis (UA)

A

multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen.

95
Q

albuminuria (al-bu-min-U-re-a)

A

albumin in the urine (albumin is an important protein in the blood, but when found in the urine, it indicates a kidney problem)

96
Q

anuria (an-U-re-a)

A

absence of urine (failure for kidneys to produce urine

97
Q

diuresis (di-u-RE-sis)

A

condition of urine passing through (increased amount of urine)

98
Q

dysuria (dis-U-re-a)

A

difficult or painful urination

99
Q

glycosuria (gli-ko-SU-re-a)

A

sugar (glucose) in the urine

100
Q

hematuria (hem-a-TU-re-a)

A

blood in the urine

101
Q

meatal (me-A-tal)

A

pertaining to the meatus

102
Q

nephrologist (ne-FROL-o-jist)

A

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney

103
Q

nephrology (ne-FROL-o-je)

A

study of the kidney (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the kidney)

104
Q

nocturia (nok-TU-re-a)

A

night urination

105
Q

oliguria (ol-i-GU-re-a)

A

scanty urine (amount)

106
Q

polyuria (pol-e-U-re-a)

A

much (excessive) urine

107
Q

pyuria (pi-U-re-a)

A

pus in the urine

108
Q

urinary (u-rin-ar-e)

A

pertaining to urine

109
Q

urologist (u-ROL-o-jist)

A

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract

110
Q

urology

A

study of the urinary tract

111
Q

catheter

A

flexible, tubelike, device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids

112
Q

distended

A

stretched out (bladder is distended when filled with urine)

113
Q

enuresis (en-u-RE-sis)

A

involuntary urination

114
Q

hemodialysis (HD)

A

procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so.

115
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control bladder and/or bowels

116
Q

micturate (MIK-tu-rat)

A

to urinate or void

117
Q

peritoneal dialysis (par-i-to-NE-al di-AL-i-sis)

A

procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so.

118
Q

stricture (STRIK-chur)

A

abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture

119
Q

urinal

A

receptacle for urine

120
Q

urinary catheterization

A

passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine

121
Q

urodynamics (u-ro-di-NAM-iks)

A

pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract

122
Q

void

A

to empty or evacuate waster material, especially urine

123
Q

ARF

A

acute renal failure

124
Q

BUN

A

Blood urea nitrogen

125
Q

cath

A

catheterization, catheter

126
Q

CRF

A

chronic renal failure

127
Q

ESRD

A

end-stage renal failure

128
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

129
Q

HD

A

hemodialysis

130
Q

IVP

A

intravenous pyelogram

131
Q

IVU

A

intravenous urogram

132
Q

OAB

A

overactive bladder

133
Q

SG

A

specific gravity

134
Q

UA

A

urinalysis

135
Q

UTI

A

urinary tract infection

136
Q

VCUG

A

voiding cystourethrogram

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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