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Medical Terminology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

heart

A

muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum and between the lungs. The heart consits of two upper chambers the right atrium and left atrium. Two lower chambers right and left ventricles. The left atrium receives blood returning from the body through the veins. The left artium receives blood from the lungs. the left venricle pumps blood through the arteries from the heart back to the body tissue; the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs. The atrial septum separates the atria and the ventricular septum separates the ventricles.

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2
Q

atrioventricular valves

A

consist of the tricuspid and mitral valves. Valves keep blood flowing one direction.

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3
Q

semilunar valves

A

pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta, respectively

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4
Q

pericardium

A

two-layer sac surronding the heart, consisting of an external fibrous and an internal serous layer

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5
Q

three layers of the heart

A

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

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6
Q

epicardium

A

covers the heart

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7
Q

myocardium

A

middle, thick, muscular layer

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8
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart

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9
Q

blood vessels

A

tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body

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10
Q

arteries

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. all arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygen and other nutrients from the heart to the body cells.

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11
Q

pulmonary artery

A

in contrast carries carbon dioxide and other waste products from the hear to th lungs

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12
Q

arterioles

A

smallest arteries

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13
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen

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14
Q

veins

A

blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.

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15
Q

venules

A

smallest vein

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16
Q

venae cavae

A

largest veins in the body.

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17
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules.

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18
Q

blood

A

composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

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19
Q

plasma

A

clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended. Plasma is approximately 90% water comprises approximately 55% of the total blood volume

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20
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells that carry oxygen. Erythrocytes develop in bone marrow.

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21
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation. There are five types of white blood cells.

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22
Q

platelets

A

one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process

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23
Q

serum

A

clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed

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24
Q

lymph

A

transparent, colorless, tissue fluid that, on entering the lymphatic system, is called lymph. Lymph contains lymphocytes and monocytes and flows in a one-way direction to the heart. Lymph is similar to blood plasma.

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25
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

similar to veins, lymphatic vessels transport lymph from body tissues to the chest, where it enters the cardiovascular system. The vessels begin as capillaries spread throughout the body then merge into larger tubs that eventually become ducts in the chest. They provide a one-way flow for lymph gathered from the tissues to ducts in the chest, where lymph enters through the veins into the circulatory system.

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26
Q

lymph nodes

A

small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue. They may be singular or grouped together along the path of the lymph vessels. The nodes filter lymph to keep substances such as bacteria and other foreign agents from entering the blood. They also produce lymphocytes.

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27
Q

spleen

A

located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm. In adulthood, the spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. Blood, rather that lymph, flows through the spleen. Blood is cleansed of microorganisms in the spleen. The spleen stores blood and destroys worn out red blood cells.

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28
Q

thymus gland

A

one of the primary lymphatic organs, it is located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs. It plays an important role in the development of the body’s immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty. Around puberty the thymus gland atrophies so that most of the gland is connective tissue.

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29
Q

angi/o

A

vessel (usually refers to blood vessel)

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30
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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31
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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32
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

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33
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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34
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph, lymph tissue

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35
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node

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36
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

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37
Q

phleb/o, ven/o

A

vein

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38
Q

plasm/o

A

plasma

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39
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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40
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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41
Q

valv/o, valvul/o

A

valve

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42
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

43
Q

ather/o

A

yellowish, fatty plaque

44
Q

ech/o

A

sound

45
Q

electr/o

A

electricity, electrical cavity

46
Q

isch/o

A

deficiency, blockage

47
Q

therm/o

A

heat

48
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

49
Q

brady-

A

slow

50
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to

51
Q

-apheresis

A

removal

52
Q

-graph

A

insturment used to record; record

53
Q

-penia

A

abnormal reduction in number

54
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

55
Q

-sclerosis

A

hardening

56
Q

angioma (an-je-O-ma)

A

tumor composed of blood vessels

57
Q

angiostenosis (an-je-o-ste-NO-sis)

A

narrowing of a blood vessel

58
Q

aortic stenosis (a-OR-tik ste-NO-sis)

A

narrowing, pertaining to aorta

59
Q

arteriosclerosis (ar-ter-e-o-skle-RO-sis)

A

harderning of the arteries

60
Q

atherosclerosis (ath-er-o-skle-RO-sis)

A

hardening of fatty plaque

61
Q

bradycardi (brad-e-KAR-de-a)

A

condition of a slow heart

62
Q

cardiomegaly (kar-de-o-MEG-a-le)

A

enlargement of the heart

63
Q

cardiomyopathy (kar-de-o-mi-OP-a-the)

A

disease of the heart muscle

64
Q

endocarditis (en-do-kar-DI-tis)

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

65
Q

ischemia (is-KE-me-a)

A

deficiency of blood flow

66
Q

myocarditis (mi-o-kar-DI-tis)

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

67
Q

pericarditis (per-i-kar-DI-tis)

A

inflammation of the sac surronding the heart

68
Q

phlebitis (fle-BI-tis)

A

inflammation of the vein

69
Q

polyarteritis (pol-e-ar-te-RI-tis)

A

inflammation of many arteries

70
Q

tachycardia (tak-i-KAR-de-a)

A

condition of a rapid heart (more than 100 bpm)

71
Q

thrombophlebitis (throm-bo-fle-BI-tis)

A

inflammation of a vein associated with a clot

72
Q

valvulitis (val-vu-LI-tis)

A

inflammation of a valve of the heart

73
Q

hematoma (he-ma-TO-ma)

A

tumor of blood

74
Q

multiple myeloma (MUL-te-pl mi-e-LO-ma)

A

tumors of bone marrow

75
Q

pancytopenia (pan-si-to-PE-ne-a)

A

abnormal reduction of all (blood) cells

76
Q

thrombosis (throm-BO-sis)

A

abnormal condition of a (blood) clot

77
Q

thrombus (THROM-bus)

A

blood clot attached to an interior wall of an artery or vein

78
Q

lymphadenitis (lim-fad-e-NI-tis)

A

inflammation of lymph nodes

79
Q

lymphadenopathy (lim-fad-e-NOP-a-the)

A

disease of the lymph nodes

80
Q

lymphoma (lim-FO-ma)

A

tumor of lymphatic tissue

81
Q

splenomegaly (sple-no-MEG-a-le)

A

enlargement of the spleen

82
Q

thymoma (thi-MO-ma)

A

tumor of th thymus gland

83
Q

acute coronary syndrome

A

sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina

84
Q

aneurysm (AN-u-rizm)

A

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

85
Q

angina pectoris (an-JI-na PEK-to-ris)

A

chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle.

86
Q

arrhythmia (a-RITH-me-a)

A

any disturbance or abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic pattern

87
Q

atrial fibrilation (AFib) (A-tre-al fi-bri-LA-shun)

A

a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria.

88
Q

cardiac arrest (KAR-de-ak a-REST)

A

sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires CPR

89
Q

cardiac tamponade (KAR-de-ak tam-po-NAD)

A

acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

90
Q

coarctation of the aorta (ko-ark-TA-shun a OR-ta)

A

congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta

91
Q

congenital heart disease (kon-JEN-i-tal hart di-ZEZ)

A

heart abnormality present at birth

92
Q

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen

93
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

a condition that reduces the flow of a blood through the coronary arteries to th myocardium

94
Q

coronary occlusion (KOR-o-nar-e o-KLU-zhun)

A

obstruction of an artery of the heart.

95
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body

96
Q

hypertensive heart disease (HHD)

A

disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure

97
Q

intermittent claudication (in-ter-MIT-nt klaw-di-KA-shun)

A

pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking

98
Q

mitral valve stenosis (MI-tral ste-NO-sis)

A

a narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring; usually caused by episodes

99
Q

myocardial infarcation (MI)

A

deathof a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply

100
Q

peripheral arterial disease (PAD)

A

disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery

101
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

damage to the heart muscle of heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever

102
Q

varicose veins

A

distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities

103
Q

anemia

A

reduction in the number of red blood cells.

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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