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Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

arterioles

A

small blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart

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2
Q

calyx/calix (pl. calyces/calices)

A

cup-like regions of the renal pelvis

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3
Q

cortex

A

layer underneath the capsule, contains part of the nephron

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4
Q

creatinine

A

a waste product of creatine

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5
Q

electrolytes

A

minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge

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6
Q

glomerulus (pl. glomeruli)

A

a tuft of capillaries located within Bowman’s capsule in the kidney

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7
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

a hormone kidneys make that helps RBC’s be made

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8
Q

hilum

A

where vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and exit the kidney

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9
Q

Bowmen’s capsule

A

a double-walled capsule in the kidney that filters blood and generates urine

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9
Q

kidney

A

wo bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist, filters blood

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10
Q

meatus

A

where urine exits the urethra during urination.

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11
Q

medulla

A

the inner part of the kidney

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12
Q

nephron

A

a microscopic structure in the kidney that filters blood and produces urine

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13
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

A

the first part of the renal tubule, reabsorbs crucial nutrients.

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14
Q

descending loop of henle

A

a part of the nephron in the kidneys, reabsorbs water

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15
Q

loop of henle

A

long U-shaped portion of the tubule that conducts urine

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16
Q

ascending loop of henle

A

reabsorbs sodium

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17
Q

renal pelvis

A

he funnel-like dilated part of the ureter in the kidney, brings urine to ureters

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17
Q

distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

A

regulates water and salt, pH, calcium, and potassium levels

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18
Q

renal artery

A

a major blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the kidneys

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19
Q

collecting duct

A

a tubule in the kidney that collects urine from nephrons

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20
Q

renal tubule

A

tubes located within the kidneys that play a crucial role in urine formation and maintaining balance in the body

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21
Q

renal vein

A

blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava

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22
Q

trigone

A

a smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder

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23
urea
a nitrogen-containing compound that is a waste product; excreted in urine
24
ureter
thin, muscular tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
25
urethra
the tube that lets urine leave your bladder and your body
26
uric acid
Uric acid is a chemical created when the body breaks down purines
27
urinary bladder
a hollow, muscular organ that stores urine
28
urine
a liquid waste product
28
urgency
a sudden and compelling need to urinate
29
voiding
urination
30
cali/o, calic/o
calyx
30
cyst/o
bladder
30
glomerul/o
glomerulous
31
meat/o
urinary meatus
31
nephr/o
kidney
32
ren/o
kidney
33
trigon/o
trigone
33
pyel/o
renal bladder
33
ureter/o
ureter
33
urethr/o
urethra
34
vesic/o
urinary bladder
34
noct/o
night
35
angi/o
vessel
36
dips/o
thirst
37
albumin/o
protein
37
kal/i
potassium
37
olig/o
few; scanty
38
azot/o
nitrogenous waste
39
ket/o, keton/o
ketones; acetones
39
natr/o
sodium
39
py/o
pus
40
urin/o
urine
40
ur/o
urine; urinary tract
41
hydr/o
water
41
hemat/o
blood
42
lith/o
stone
43
glyc/o
sugar
43
dia-
complete; through
44
prote/o
protein
45
anti-
against
45
dys-
painful
45
-emia
blood condition
45
-poietin
substance that forms
46
-plasty
surgical repair
46
-stenosis
tightening
46
-tripsy
to crush
47
poly-
many
47
-ectasis
dilatation; widening
47
-uria
urination; condition of urine
48
-gram
record
48
-pathy
disease
48
-stomy
new opening
49
-tomy
process of cutting
50
-ole
little; small
50
-osis
condition, usually abnormal
50
-sclerosis
hardening
51
-lysis
breakdown; separation
52
bladder cancer
cancer that develops in the bladder
52
-itis
inflammation
52
diabetes insipidus (DI)
a condition characterized by excessive thirst and urination due to the body's inability to regulate fluid balance
53
interstitial nephritis
kidney inflammation affecting the spaces between renal tubules and the surrounding tissue
54
glomerulonephritis
inflammation and damage to the filtering part of the kidneys
55
diabetes mellitus (DM)
a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high glucose levels
56
polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
a genetic disorder causing fluid-filled cysts to grow in the kidneys, potentially leading to kidney failure and other complications
57
nephrolithiasis
kidney stones
57
nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)
a condition where the kidneys leak excessive protein into the urine
58
pyelonephritis
a bacterial infection that affects one or both kidneys
58
renal hypertension
a type of high blood pressure that is caused by damage to the kidneys
58
renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)
the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, originating in the lining of the tiny tubes in the kidney that filter blood
59
renal failure
a condition where the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood
60
Wilms tumor
a type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children
60
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
60
glycosuria
the presence of glucose in the urine, often indicating high blood sugar levels or kidney issues.
61
urinary tract infection (UTI)
bacterial infection of the urinary tract
61
polyuria
Excessive urination
62
dysuria
painful or uncomfortable urination
63
hematuria
blood is present in the urine
64
enuresis
involuntary urination, especially during sleep
65
cystoscopy
a procedure that allows a doctor to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra
65
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
a medical test that measures the amount of urea nitrogen in the blood
65
dialysis
a life-sustaining treatment that filters blood when kidneys fail, removing waste and excess fluid
65
CT urography
a medical imaging technique that uses a CT scan and contrast dye to examine the urinary system
66
kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)
a common imaging test that uses X-rays to visualize the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
67
lithotripsy
a procedure that uses shock waves to break up kidney stones
67
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) urography
an MRI-based imaging technique used to visualize the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
67
renal angiography
an imaging procedure that uses X-rays to visualize the blood vessels in the kidneys
68
renal angioplasty
a minimally invasive procedure used to treat renal artery stenosis
68
renal biopsy
a medical procedure that involves removing a small sample of kidney tissue for examination under a microscope
68
renal transplantation
a surgical procedure where a healthy kidney from a donor is placed into the body of a person with kidney failure
69
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
an imaging test that uses x-rays to look at your bladder, ureters, and kidneys.
70
nephrectomy
surgical removal of one or both of the kidneys.
70
cystogram
an X-ray examination of the bladder that uses a contrast dye to visualize the bladder and urinary tract
71
urinary catheterization
a procedure that involves inserting a thin, flexible tube (catheter) into the bladder to drain urine
72
voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)
a diagnostic imaging test that uses X-rays to examine the urinary tract, including the bladder and urethra

Med Term (5 decks)

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