Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

The removal of metabolic wastes from the body.

A

Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kidneys secrete the hormones ____& _____.

A

Erythropoietin & renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Erythropoietin controls __________ production

A

Red blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Renin controls ________.

A

Blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Erythoropoietin controls red blood cell production by _________.

A

Increasing O2 transporters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The hormone renin controls blood pressure by _______ and _____ blood pressure.

A

vaso-contriction, raising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A byproduct of protein metabolism that is toxic to body tissues and converted to urea.

A

ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

proteins break down into ______ which are broken down into _______ and finally into urea

A

amino acids, ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Three nitrogenous metabolic wastes excreted by the urinary system:

A

Urea, Uric acid, creatine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The kidneys are located _____ the parietal peritoneum.

A

behind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_____ ______ serves to attach the kidneys to the abdominal wall.

A

Renal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

____ __ ___ serves to cusion the kidneys.

A

Renal fat pad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Connective tissue that protects the kidneys from infection.

A

Renal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The bean shape of the kidneys convexes ______ and concaves ______.

A

laterally, medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The ______ gland sits atop each kidney.

A

adrenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The right and left renal arteries branch from the _____ _____.

A

abdominal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The renal arteries contain ____ metabolic wastes compared to the renal veins.

A

More

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The ____ is the functional unit and filtering aparatus of the kidney

A

nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

There are over _____ nephrons in each kidney

A

1 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the visceral layer of the bowman’s capsule is made of

A

podocyte cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Several nephrons empty into a single collecting duct which empties into the _____ ____.

A

Minor calyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Formed by the wall of glomerulus and by the podocyte cells:

A

filtration membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Branched epithelial cells that wrap around the glomerular capilaries.

A

podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The efferent arteriole gives rise to the ______ ____ ____ that surrounds the renal tubule.

A

peritubular capillary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Nephrons remove ____ from blood and regulate ____ and _____ concentrations.

A

wastes, water, electrolyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Four consecutive steps required in urine formation:

A

Glomerular filtration
Tubular reassertion
Tubular secretion
Water conservation

27
Q

Glomerular filtration creates a _____-like filtrate of the _____.

A

plasma, blood

28
Q

Step of urine formation in which useful solutes are removed from filtarate then returned to the blood.

A

Tubular reabsorption

29
Q

Step of urine formation in which additional wastes are removed from the blood and addded to the filtrate.

A

Tubular secretion

30
Q

Step of urine formation in which water is removed from the urine and returns it to the blood; wastes are concentrated.

A

water conservation

31
Q

______ _____ is the filtration of plasma and solutes from the glomerulus into the capsule.

A

Glomerular filtration

32
Q

During glomerular filtration plasma is filtered from the glomerular _______ into the _________ .

A

capillary, Bowman’s capsule

33
Q

The force required to push plasma from the glomerulus into the capsule.

A

Filtration Pressure

34
Q

The outward driving force pushing plasma from the glomerulus into the capsule is _______.

A

Hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure inside the glomerular capillaries)

35
Q

The inward force that pushes plasma from the glomerulus into the capsule is the _____ ______ of the plasma.

A

osmotic pressure. Solutes in the plasma draw water from outside the glomerulus

36
Q

normal net filtration pressure

A

10 mm Hg

37
Q

Composition of filtrate:

A

water

 metabolic wastes (urea, ammonia, uric acid, creatinine)
 nutrient molecules (glucose, amino acids)

electrolytes (sodium, potassium, chloride, etc.)

38
Q

The filtrate secreted into the capsular spaces by both kidneys in one minute.

A

glomerular filtration rate

39
Q

The kidneys produce about ____ ml of glomerular fluide per minute (most is reabsorbed).

A

125

40
Q

The maintenance of normal filtration by the nephron

A

renal auto-regulation

41
Q

The function of the cells of the JG apparatus

A

renal auto-regulation

42
Q

Glomerular filtration rate is controled by the _____.

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JG apparatus)

43
Q

THe JG apparatus consists of a portion of the _____ ______ ____ and a portion of the ______ ______ of the same nephron.

A

distal convoluted tubule, afferent arteriole

44
Q

The JG apparatus controls the filtering function of the glomerulus by changing the ______ of the _____ or ______ ______.

A

diameter of the afferent or the efferent arterioles

45
Q

chemical produced by the JG apparatus that controls systemic blood pressure.

A

Renin

46
Q

At rest the kidneys receive about ___ % of cardiac output.

A

20

47
Q

During tubular reassertion the _______ _____ is adapted for reabsorption.

A

pertubular capillary

48
Q

Most reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate occurs in the _____ tubule.

A

proximal

49
Q

The presence of ADH _____ water absorption during tubular reassertion.

A

increases

50
Q

proteins are reabsorbed by _______ during tubular reassertion.

A

pinocytosis

51
Q

Chemical control of water and sodium reabsorption occur in the region of the ________ and the ____ ___.

A

Distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct.

52
Q

anti-diuretic hormon (ADH from the ___ ____ ____ causes the permeability of the distal tubule and collection ducts to ______ and _______ reabsorption of water.

A

posterior pituitary gland, increase, promotes.

53
Q

Hormone released by the adreanal gland which further increases sodium and water absorption in the distal tubule.

A

Aldosterone

54
Q

Process by which certain substances are transported from plasma to the tubular fluid.

A

Tubular secretion

55
Q

Tubular secretion serves to remove:

A

various organic compounds, hydrogen ions to maintain acid-base balance.

56
Q

Urine is about _____% water.

A

95

57
Q

Muscular tubes that extend from each kidney to the urinary bladder.

A

Ureters

58
Q

What forces urine to the bladder?

A

Peristaltic waves

59
Q

A portion of the detrusor muscle in the wall of the bladder forms an ____ ____ ___.

A

Internal urethral sphincter

60
Q

The opening from the two ureters and the urethra form the _____, a triangle in the floor of the bladder.

A

Trigone

61
Q

The process by which urine is expelled

A

micturition

62
Q

The presence of about 200ml of urine in the bladder triggers the ____ ____.

A

micturition reflex

63
Q

Urethra is lined by _____ ______ epithelium.

A

stratified columnar

64
Q

The female urethra is about ____ cm long and the male, _____ long.

A

4, 20
or
1.5 inches, 8 inches

Anatomy & Physiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions