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Anatomy & Physiology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

The target organ of the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus.

A

Anterior pituitary

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2
Q

Action of the hormones released from the hypothalamus.

A

Regulated secretions of the anterior pituitary hormones.

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3
Q

The hypothalamus releases its hormones into a ______ _______ of _____ ____.

A

Capillary plexus of portal vein.

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4
Q

Growth hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulation hormone, luteinizing hormone, and adrenocortropic hormone are all released from the _______ ______.

A

Anterior pituitary

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5
Q

The two hormones released from the anterior pituitary that come from acidophils are ____ _______ and _____.

A

Growth hormone & prolactin

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6
Q

The four hormones from the anterior pituitary that come from basophils are _____, ______, _____, & _____.

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle stimulation hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone. (THS, FSH, LH, ACTH)

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7
Q

Growth hormone released from the anterior pituitary targets which organ?

A

Liver -> bone, cartilage, muscle & adipose tissue

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8
Q

Function of growth hormone released from anterior pituitary.

A

Increase mitosis (growth)

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9
Q

Function of prolactin from anterior pituitary.

A

Milk production

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10
Q

Target organ of prolactin (secreted from the anterior pituitary)

A

Mammary glands

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11
Q

This hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary stimulates production of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4)

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

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12
Q

The target organ of TSH

A

Thyroid

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13
Q

Target organs of FSH

A

Ovaries & testes

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14
Q

This hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary stimulates egg maturation, estrogen secretion and spermatogenesis.

A

FSH

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15
Q

This hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary stimulates ovulation and progesterone production and testosterone secretion.

A

Luteinizing hormone

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16
Q

The target organs of LH

A

Ovaries and testes

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17
Q

The target organ of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Adrenal cortex

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18
Q

This hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary stimulates the secretion of aldosterone, cortisol, and testosterone from the adrenal cortex.

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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19
Q

Hormones secreted from the posterior pituitary.

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) & oxytocin (also called pitocin)

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20
Q

ADH and oxytocin (pitocin) are secreted from the ____.

A

Posterior pituitary

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21
Q

ADH & oxytocin are synthesized in the _____ and stored in the _____ _____.

A

Hypothalamus, posterior pituitary

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22
Q

The target organ of ADH

A

Kidneys and blood vessels

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23
Q

Target organ of oxytocin

A

Uterus and mammary glands

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24
Q

Hormone that INCREASES water reabsorption and vasoconstriction.

A

ADH

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25
Q

Hormone that causes uterine contractions and milk release, sexual arousal and maternal bonding.

A

Oxytocin

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26
Q

Aldosterone, cortisol, and testosterone are secreted from the ___ ____.

A

Adrenal cortex

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27
Q

Aldosterone is secreted from the _____ ______ or outermost zone of the adrenal cortex.

A

Zona glomerulosa

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28
Q

Mineralocorticoid (also called ______) targets which organ?

A

Kidneys

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29
Q

Mineralocorticoid comes from the ______ of the adrenal cortex.

A

Zona glomerulosa (outermost zone)

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30
Q

Aldosterone ______ sodium and water reabsorption.

A

Increases

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31
Q

Hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex that increases sodium and water reabsorption

A

Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)

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32
Q

Cortisol (glucocorticoid) is secreted from which zone of the adrenal cortex?

A

Zona fasciculate (middle and larger zone)

33
Q

Which hormone is secreted from the middle layer (zona fasciculate) of the adrenal cortex?

A

Cortisol (glucocorticoid)

34
Q

Target organ of cortisol secreted by the adrenal cortex.

A

Liver and muscles

35
Q

Hormone that targets liver and muscles that is secreted from the adrenal cortex.

A

Cortisol (glucocorticoid)

36
Q

Hormone that acts as Anti inflammatory, immune suppressant, and increase blood glucose. Combats stress.

A

Cortisol (glucocorticoid)

37
Q

Secreted from the innermost medullary area of the adrenal cortex.

A

Testosterone

38
Q

Testosterone’s target organ(s)

A

All body tissues

39
Q

Hormone secreted from the zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex.

A

Testosterone

40
Q

Hormone that induces growth, increases sex drive, male characteristics

A

Testosterone

41
Q

Two hormones secreted from the adrenal medulla

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

42
Q

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted from the ____ _____.

A

Adrenal medulla

43
Q

These hormones are increased by the sympathetic part of the nervous system.

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

44
Q

Target organs of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

A

Heart, bronchioles, blood vessels

45
Q

Hormone that increases heart rate, dilates bronchioles, increases blood to skeletal muscles

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

46
Q

Hormone that increases heart rate and increases blood to skeletal muscle is secreted from the ____ ____.

A

Adrenal medulla

47
Q

Thyroid hormones T3 and T4 (thyroxin) & calcitonin are secreted from the _____.

A

Thyroid

48
Q

These hormones are secreted from follicular cells (hormone and iodine stored in colloid)

A

T3 & T4

49
Q

This hormone secreted from the thyroid increases metabolic rate and promotes growth.

A

T3 & T4

50
Q

Calcitonin is secreted from the _____.

A

Thyroid

51
Q

Secreted from c-cells (para follicular cells) in the thyroid.

A

Calcitonin

52
Q

Target organ of calcitonin secreted by the thyroid.

A

Blood, bones, & kidneys.

53
Q

This hormone lowers blood calcium and increases ossification (bone density).

A

Calcitonin

54
Q

Secreted from chief cells of the parathyroid.

A

Parathyroid hormone (PRH)

55
Q

The hormone secreted from the parathyroid.

A

PTH

56
Q

Target organ of PTH

A

Blood bones and kidneys

57
Q

PTH (Parathyroid hormone) raises blood calcium and stimulates calcium reabsorption by _____ ____ ____.

A

Freeing calcium ions

58
Q

This hormone raises blood calcium and stimulate calcium reabsorption.

A

PTH

59
Q

This hormone is responsible for the formation and activation of lymphocytes.

A

Thymosins

60
Q

Thymosins are secreted by the ____.

A

Thymus

61
Q

Target organ of the thymosins secreted by the thymus.

A

Lymphocytes/ immune system

62
Q

Insulin comes from the ____ cells.

A

Beta

63
Q

Glucagon comes from the ____ cells.

A

Alpha

64
Q

Pancreatic islets secret what two hormones?

A

Glucagon& insulin

65
Q

Glucagon’s target organ-

A

Liver and adipose tissue

66
Q

This hormone lowers blood glucose by increasing cellular glucose uptake

A

Insulin

67
Q

This hormone raises blood glucose through the breakdown of glycogen into glucose

A

Glucagon

68
Q

The pineal gland secretes this hormone-

A

Melatonin

69
Q

This hormone influences mood, inhibits reproductive system, circadian and seasonal rhythms.

A

Melatonin

70
Q

Melatonin is secreted from

A

Pinealocytes in the pineal gland

71
Q

Estrogen and progesterone are secreted from-

A

The ovaries (and also placenta)

72
Q

Ovaries secrete which two hormones?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

73
Q

Target organ of progesterone-

A

Uterus and mammary gland

74
Q

Target organ of estrogen-

A

Uterus, ovaries, mammary glands, genitalia, pelvic joints, fetus

75
Q

Estrogen comes from the _____ cells of maturing follicles.

A

Granulose

76
Q

This hormone is secreted from the corpus luteum of the ovaries.

A

Progesterone

77
Q

This hormone suppresses uterine contractions

A

Progesterone

78
Q

Hormone secreted from the interstitial cells in the testes.

A

Testosterone

Anatomy & Physiology (5 decks)

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