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Anatomy & Physiology > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The _______ wall of the heart is thickest.

A

Left

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2
Q

________ circulation is the function of the right side of the heart.

A

Pulmonary

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3
Q

_______ circulation is the function of the left side of the heart.

A

Systemic

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4
Q

Systemic circulation is called _____ because it sends blood to all organs of tendu and brings it back to the heart.

A

Internal

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5
Q

Pulmonary circulation is called _____ respiration because it circulates blood to the lungs and brings it back to the heart.

A

External

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6
Q

The base of the heart faces the ______ ______.

A

Right shoulder

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7
Q

The apex of the heart points to the ______ _____.

A

Left hip

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8
Q

The endocardium of the heart is the _________ layer of the heart and made of ______ ______ epithelium.

A

Innermost, simple squamous

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9
Q

The middle layer of the heart is called the _____ and made of _____.

A

Myocardium, cardiac muscle

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10
Q

The _____ is the fibrous skeleton of the heart and is made up of collagen and elastic fibers.

A

Myocardium

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11
Q

Later of heart wall which anchors the muscle fibers.

A

Myocardium

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12
Q

Later of heart wall which forms a rigid wall around the heart valves.

A

Myocardium

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13
Q

Tight junctions called _____ hold cardiac muscles together for strength.

A

Desmosomes

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14
Q

Serves as electrical coupling of cardiac muscle cells.

A

Gap junctions

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15
Q

Cardiac muscles are rich in _____ &______.

A

Glycogen and myoglobin

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16
Q

Because of the ____ _______ present in adjacent cardiac muscle cells, the entire heart behaves as a single unit when any part of he heart is stimulated.

A

Gap junctions

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17
Q

Muscular extensions from the atria.

A

Auricles

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18
Q

The _____ of the heart are larger and have a smoother surface.

A

Right and Left Ventricles

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19
Q

The ____ of the heart are smaller and more wrinkly.

A

Right and Left Atrium

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20
Q

Separates the atria from the lower chambers.

A

atrioventricular grooves

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21
Q

Separates the ventricles anteriorly and posteriorly.

A

Interventricular grooves

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22
Q

The superior and inferior vena cava emty into the _____ _____.

A

Right atrium

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23
Q

This takes blood out of the left ventricle

A

Aorta

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24
Q

This takes blood out of the right ventricle

A

Pulmonary trunk

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25
Q

The _____ ______ nourish the myocardium.

A

Coronary arteries

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26
Q

The _____ ______ collects blood from the myocardium.

A

Coronary sinus

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27
Q

The two upper chambers are ______ chambers.

A

Receiving

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28
Q

The two lower chambers are _____ chambers.

A

Discharging

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29
Q

The ______ _____ is between the right atrium and right ventricle.

A

Tricuspid valve

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30
Q

The Bicuspid or ______ valve sits between the _______ and ________.

A

mitral, left atrium and left ventricle

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31
Q

The ________ valve is between the pulmonary truck and right ventricle

A

Pulmonary valve

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32
Q

Valve bettween the aorta and left ventricle.

A

Aortic Semilunar valve

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33
Q

Blood enters the right ventricle through the ______ valves.

A

Tricuspid

34
Q

Blood leaves the right ventricle through the _____ valves

A

pulmonary

35
Q

Blood enters the left ventricle through the ______ valves.

A

bicuspid

36
Q

Blood leaves the left ventricle through the _____ valves.

A

aortic

37
Q

The heart receives _____% of the systemic blood

A

5%

38
Q

The coronary sinus empties into the _____ _____.

A

Right atrium

39
Q

Phase I of a heart beat = atrial _______ and ventricle _______.

A

Systole/diastole

40
Q

During Atrial systole the upper two chambers ____ but the lower chambers ______.

A

Contract/relax

41
Q

During atrial systole the AV valves are ______ and the semilunar valves are _______.

A

Opened/Closed

42
Q

The first heart sound is created when the _____ close just before the _____ contract.

A

AV valves, ventricles

43
Q

Phase II of a heart beat= atrial ______ and ventricle ______.

A

diastole/systole

44
Q

During atrial diastole the AV valves are _____ and the semilunar valves are ________.

A

closed/opened

45
Q

During phase II of a heart beat (atriole diastole), blood moves from the ventricles to the _____ and the _____ _____.

A

aorta, pulmonary trunk

46
Q

The second part of a heart sound is heard when the _________ close just before the _______ relax.

A

semilunar, ventricles

47
Q

Caused by the alternate closure of the AV valves and semilunar valves

A

Heart sounds

48
Q

When the AV valves close, the heart sound is ____ and _____.

A

loud, long (first part of a heart beat)

49
Q

When semilunar valve closes, the heart beat sound is _____ and ____

A

soft and short (second part of heart beat)

50
Q

The volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute.

A

Cardiac Output

51
Q

Stroke volume =

A

Volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle per beat

52
Q

Cardiac output (CO) = _______ x ________

A

Heart rate, stroke volume

53
Q

Maximal Cardiac Output (CO) is _ to _ times the resting CO in nonathetlic people.

A

4 -5

54
Q

Maximal cardiac Output (CO) may reach ___ L per minute in trained athletes.

A

35

55
Q

The difference between resting and maximal cardiac output (CO)

A

cardiac reserve

56
Q

The _____ is the origin of action potential in the heart.

A

Sino-atrial node

57
Q

The ______ sets the pace for the heart rate.

A

Sino-atrial (SA) node.

58
Q

The impulse from the SA node travels to the _____ and the _____.

A

atria/AV node

59
Q

The second node, _______, generates about ___ - ____ impulses per minute.

A

Atrio-ventricular (AV) 40-50

60
Q

The impuse from the AV node travels to the _____.

A

AV Bundle

61
Q

The only channel to conduct impuse to the ventricles

A

AV bundle

62
Q

The AV bundle generates about ___impulses per minute.

A

30

63
Q

The impulses from the AV bundle are transmitted to the _____.

A

Right and left bundle branches

64
Q

The Right and left bundle branches generate about _____ impulses per minute.

A

30

65
Q

The Right and Left bundle branches transmit impulses to the ______.

A

Purkinje fibers

66
Q

The purkingje fibers generate about _____ impulses per minute.

A

30

67
Q

The AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches and purkinje fibers are not capable of sustaining a _____.

A

normal heart rate.

68
Q

a defect in the intrinsic conduction system leads to ______, ______ and _____.

A

arrhythmia, fibrillaion, heart block

69
Q

Sympathetic stimulation ______ the heart rate.

A

increases

70
Q

_______ stimulation slows the heart rate.

A

parasympathetic

71
Q

The cardiac centers are located in the ______ of the brain.

A

medulla oblongata.

72
Q

The effect of norepinephrine is to ______ the hear rate.

A

increase

73
Q

The neurotransmitter responsible for increasing the rate of contraction in the heart.

A

Norepinephrine

74
Q

The cardio-inhibitory center’s impulses are conducted through the _____ nerve.

A

Vagus

75
Q

The effect of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine is to ____ the heart rate.

A

slow

76
Q

Measures the movement of impulse across the wall of the heart.

A

electrocardiography (ECG)

77
Q

In an ECG, the P wave is the ______ _______.

A

atria depolarization

78
Q

In an ECG, the QRS complex is the _____ _____.

A

Ventricular depolarization

79
Q

In an ECG, the T wave is the ______ of the _____.

A

repolarization of the ventricles

80
Q

The cardiac cycle (one cycle of contraction and relaxtion) takes place in an average of ____ seconds.

A

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Anatomy & Physiology (5 decks)

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