urinary system

Question 1

what is the role of the kidney

Answer 1

to produce urine

Question 2

what is the role of the ureter

Answer 2

to transport urine towards the bladder

Question 3

what is the role of the bladder

Answer 3

stores urine temporarily

Question 4

what is the role of the urethra

Answer 4

takes urine out

Question 5

name 4 kidney functions

Answer 5

removal of waste product
regulated electrolyte balance
regulates water balance
produces some hormones

Question 6

where are your kidneys located

Answer 6

towards your back, next to the adrenal gland, connect to the renal artery and vein

Question 7

where does blood supply for the kidneys come from?

Answer 7

from the renal artery

Question 8

how does blood leave the kidney?

Answer 8

through the renal vein

Question 9

name the 5 structures in a kidney

Answer 9

the cortex
the medulla
the pelvis
fibrose capsule
pyramids

Question 10

what is the cortex?

Answer 10

it is the outer layer of the kidney, dark in colour and contains most of the nephrons

Question 11

what is the medulla?

Answer 11

it is the inner layer after the cortex, it is lighter in colour and contains loops of henle for nephrons

Question 12

what is the pelvis?

Answer 12

central chamber of the kidney, where urine arrives to before going into the collecting ducts

Question 13

what is the fibrous capsule?

Answer 13

outer layer, protection for the kidney also known as the renal capsule, helps to support the kidneys mass

Question 14

what are the renal pyramids?

Answer 14

they are found in the parts of the medulla, and help with blood filtration and water conc regulation, they also contain a lot of nephrons, which help to produce urine.

Question 15

what are nephrons?

Answer 15

they are microscopic structures that produce urine, there is about 1 million in your body.

Question 16

what are the 5 key parts to a nephron?

Answer 16

bowmans capsule
collecting duct
proximal convoluted tubule
loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule

Question 17

where do nephrons start?

Answer 17

in the cortex of the kidney, the dakrnest layer

Question 18

what is the glomerus

Answer 18

it is the main filtering unit of the kidney, which is form ed when many small capillaries form a knot

Question 19

where is the glomerus located?

Answer 19

in the bowmans capsule and at the start of every nephron

Question 20

how does the glomerus work to filter blood?

Answer 20

blood passes through the capillary network that is in the glomerus and as this happens the blood is filtered, the ultrafiltrate is then collected in the bowman’s capsule and drains down to the pct .

Question 21

what type of molecules are filtered out of the blood ?

Answer 21

water, amino acids,waste urea and other small molecules, other larger ones are reabsorbed into the blood

Question 22

what is the role of the loop of henle

Answer 22

it is a U shaped structure creates an area of high concentration by using 2 things called the descending limb and the ascending limb.

Question 23

what happens as urine goes down the descending limb

Answer 23

as urine goes down it gets more concentrated, as water is reabsorbed

Question 24

what happens in the thin ascending limb

Answer 24

salt diffuses out( sodium chloride) into surrounding tissue and the limb reabsorbes ions, but not water.

Question 25

what does the thick ascending limb do ( different from the thin ascending limb)

Answer 25

it drains the urine into the distal convoluted tubule

Question 26

what does the distal convoluted tubule do

Answer 26

it helps to regulate ions, such as potassium and sodium ions which in turn helps with water reabsorption.

Question 27

what is the role of the collecting duct?

Answer 27

they connect nephrons to the renal pelvis, help to control absorption of water as well and volume of water in urine,

Question 28

how does the hormone ADH help the collecting ducts

Answer 28

when it is present, the collecting ducts become permeable to water, helping to prevent dehydration