genetic expressions - DNA + RNA Flashcards
what are the 3 components of atp?
adenine - nitrogen base
ribose - 5 carbon sugar
3 phosphate groups.
what is the function of ATP?
it is the primary energy currency of cells, and is used to power most energy requiring reactions.
when does hydrolysis of ATP happen?
when a cell needs energy
what is the opposite to hydrolysis?
condensation reaction.
what happens during hydrolysis of atp?
energy is released, and this is then used to perform work inside of the cells
what are the 5 organic nitrogenous bases?
adenine
thymine
guanine
cytosine
uracil
what is uracil only found in?
in RNA
what is polymerisation?
it is the chemical process that combines many monomers to form a polymer.
what does each DNA molecule consist of ?
2 polynucleotide chains alongside each other, the sugars in these run in opposite directions.
hydrogen bonds, they make each molecule of DNA very strong and stable, while enabling it to unzip in order to copy itself before cell division.
also contains complimentary base pairs
what are the differences between RNA and DNA?
RNA has ribose as the pentose sugar whereas in DNA the pentose sugar is deoxyribose.
in DNA the bases are T C A G, but in RNA they are A G U C.
in RNA the polynucleotide chain is single stranded whereas in DNA it is double stranded.
what are the 2 types of RNA?
messenger RNA and TRNAs ( transfer RNA)
what do TRNAs do?
tr
what does messenger RNA do?
it carries the genetic code of a gene from the nucleus to ribosomes, where this code is then read and used to make amino acids.
