Urinary System

Question 1

Functions of the Peri-renal fat layer which surrounds the kidney?

Answer 1

Protects kidneys

Provides energy reserve

Question 2

Describe the location of the kidneys

Answer 2

Kidneys are positioned cranio-dorsally in the abdomen.
Bi-laterally from the spine.

Question 3

The renal vein transports blood toward

Answer 3

Vena cava

Question 4

The renal artery transports blood from

Answer 4

Aorta

Question 5

Describe ultrafiltration

Answer 5

Ultrafiltration takes place in the glomerulus. Which is a network of capillaries.

Under high pressure, fluid is forced out of the permeable walls of the capillaries.

Question 6

What is filtrate?

Answer 6

Filtrate is the fluid that is forced out of the capillaries. Before being collected by bowman’s capsule and continuing to the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 7

Why does the blood pressure increase at the glomerulus?

Answer 7

The lumen of the efferent arteriole is narrower than the lumen of the afferent arteriole.

Question 8

Why do the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule possess microvili?

Answer 8

To increase surface area fir reabsorption of water and electrolytes

Question 9

Which substances do not leave the glomerulus during ultrafiltration?

Answer 9

Proteins (& protein-bound substances)

Blood cells

This is because they are too large

Question 10

Three processes which occur in the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 10

Sodium and chloride reabsorption

Glucose reabsorption (100%)

Concentration of nitrogenous waste (urea)

Removal of water

Secretion of toxins and certain drugs

Question 11

What is the function of loop of henle

Answer 11

Concentrate urine depending on hydration status of plasma/extra cellular fluids

Question 12

What role does the loop of henle play in hydration and urination ?

Answer 12

If an animal is dehydrated more water is reabsorbed in the loop of henle. Reducing urine output.

If an animal is over-hydrated, less water is reabsorbed at loop of henle. Increasing urine output.

Question 13

The distal convoluted tubule is responsible for some sodium reabsorption. What effect will this have on urine output?

Answer 13

Urine output will be reduced. As more water will be reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule due to the osmotic effects of sodium. The more water/sodium reabsorbed, the less the urine output .

Question 14

Which hormone is responsible for increasing sodium reabsorption

Answer 14

Aldosterone, produced in adrenal cortex

Question 15

Function of ureter

Answer 15

To transport urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder

Question 16

Tissue types found within ureter

Answer 16

Traditional epithelium - allows for expansion as urine passes through

Smooth muscle - allows for peristalsis moving urine toward the bladder

Question 17

Ureters enter bladder at an angle, why?

Answer 17

Because it creates a Valve, preventing backflow

Question 18

Describe location of bladder and how it differs if empty or full ?

Answer 18

When empty the bladder is positioned entirely within the pelvic cavity

When full the neck of the bladder lies within the pelvic cavity, whilst full body decends ventrally and cranially into the abdominal cavity

Question 19

Tissue types found in bladder wall

Answer 19

Transitional epithelium - allows for expansion

Elastic tissue - to allow to retain original shape after expansion

Smooth muscle - to allow for contraction during urination

Question 20

Muscles that aid with urination

Answer 20

Detruser muscle - bladder wall

Urethral sphincter - bladder neck

Question 21

Where does salt and water leave the tract

Answer 21

Salt leaves in the asending loop of henle, and water leaves I depending loop of henle

Question 22

Which hormone is responsible for water reabsorption

Answer 22

Anti diuretic hormone (adh)
Produced in posterior pituitary