Reproductive Systems Flashcards
Describe position of testes in cat & dog
Explain why position as such.
Testes in dog lie outside body cavity in scrotum between hind limbs
Testes in cat lie outside body cavity in scrotum ventral of anus
Testes are positioned outside body cavity as sperms production is most efficient a few degrees below core temperature.
Effects of dartos muscle has during cold weather
Thickens the scrotum wall to maintain optimum temperature, preventing heat loss.
Name the cells and functions
Spermatogenic cells - devide to produce spermatids (immature sperm)
Sertoli cells - produce oestrogen and nutrients to support sperm production
Interstitial cells - produce testosterone
Functions of epididymis
Stores sperm
Allows for sperm to mature
Transports sperm from testes to vas defrens
Location and function of vas deferens
Pass from the epididymis out of the scrotum through the inguinal canal and the abdomen to the prostate gland.
It is responsible for propulsion of sperm from the epididymis to the prostate.
Function of Penis and os Penis in dog
Os penis aids with initial stages of mating, insertion into the vagina before fully erect.
Before mating, the tie and ejaculation
Why does cats penis have barbs?
Barbs on surface stimulate nerve response in the vaginal wall of the queen via pain sensation.
Causing a message to be sent to the hypothalamus stimulating the pituitary to release Luetenisg hornone triggering ovulation. As cats are induced ovulators
Functions of seminal fluid
To increase volume of ejaculate
Aid in passage to female reproductive tract
Provide optimal environment for dperm survival
Neutralise acidity in the ureathra
Two accessory sex organs
Prostate in dogs and cats
Bulbo-ureathral in cats
Function of ovaries
Produce Ova
Acts as endocrine gland, producing oestrogen and progesterone
Describe location of ovaries
ovaries lay cranio-dorsally in abdomen. Caudal to kidneys, bi-lateral of spine.
What holds ovary in place
Ovarian ligament which is adjacent to kidneys
Functions of oviducts
Provide site for fertilisation
Collect ova from ovaries
Transport ova to uterine horn
Provide correct environmental conditions for sperm and ova survival
Structure of uterus walls and their individual functions
Endometrium - consists of mucous membrane, glandular tissue and blood vessels. - this provides nutrition to the embryo until placenta can be formed
Myometrium - smooth muscle layers - these allow for powful contractions during parturition.
Functions if cervix
Act as sphincter made up of muscle and cartilage fibres(usually blocked by mucoid plug?)
Relaxes and allows for passage of sperm during mating and passage of neo-nate during parturition.
