Reproductive Systems Flashcards
Describe position of testes in cat & dog
Explain why position as such.
Testes in dog lie outside body cavity in scrotum between hind limbs
Testes in cat lie outside body cavity in scrotum ventral of anus
Testes are positioned outside body cavity as sperms production is most efficient a few degrees below core temperature.
Effects of dartos muscle has during cold weather
Thickens the scrotum wall to maintain optimum temperature, preventing heat loss.
Name the cells and functions
Spermatogenic cells - devide to produce spermatids (immature sperm)
Sertoli cells - produce oestrogen and nutrients to support sperm production
Interstitial cells - produce testosterone
Functions of epididymis
Stores sperm
Allows for sperm to mature
Transports sperm from testes to vas defrens
Location and function of vas deferens
Pass from the epididymis out of the scrotum through the inguinal canal and the abdomen to the prostate gland.
It is responsible for propulsion of sperm from the epididymis to the prostate.
Function of Penis and os Penis in dog
Os penis aids with initial stages of mating, insertion into the vagina before fully erect.
Before mating, the tie and ejaculation
Why does cats penis have barbs?
Barbs on surface stimulate nerve response in the vaginal wall of the queen via pain sensation.
Causing a message to be sent to the hypothalamus stimulating the pituitary to release Luetenisg hornone triggering ovulation. As cats are induced ovulators
Functions of seminal fluid
To increase volume of ejaculate
Aid in passage to female reproductive tract
Provide optimal environment for dperm survival
Neutralise acidity in the ureathra
Two accessory sex organs
Prostate in dogs and cats
Bulbo-ureathral in cats
Function of ovaries
Produce Ova
Acts as endocrine gland, producing oestrogen and progesterone
Describe location of ovaries
ovaries lay cranio-dorsally in abdomen. Caudal to kidneys, bi-lateral of spine.
What holds ovary in place
Ovarian ligament which is adjacent to kidneys
Functions of oviducts
Provide site for fertilisation
Collect ova from ovaries
Transport ova to uterine horn
Provide correct environmental conditions for sperm and ova survival
Structure of uterus walls and their individual functions
Endometrium - consists of mucous membrane, glandular tissue and blood vessels. - this provides nutrition to the embryo until placenta can be formed
Myometrium - smooth muscle layers - these allow for powful contractions during parturition.
Functions if cervix
Act as sphincter made up of muscle and cartilage fibres(usually blocked by mucoid plug?)
Relaxes and allows for passage of sperm during mating and passage of neo-nate during parturition.
Boundaries of vestibule and vagina
Vagina extends from the uterine cervix to external urethral orifice.
Vestibule extends from urethral orifice to vulva
Why are muscles in the bitches vaginal wall adapted
To aid with tie during mating
Dicuss follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Produced in anterior pituitary
Acts on gonads (tests or ova)
Stimulates follicle to develop in female
Stimulates sperm development in male
Oestrogen
Produced by developing follicle in ovary
Acts on reproductive tract and brain
Promotes pre-mating behaviour
Inhibits/stops production of FSH
Stimulates lutenising hormone (LH) production
Lutenising hormone (LH)
Produced in anterior pituitary
Acts on gonads
Stimulates ovulation/ruptures folicle in female
Stimulates sperm production by interstitial cells in males
Stimulates remaining follicular tissue to lutenise and forms the corpus liteum
Progesterone
Produced in corpus luteum
Acts on reproductive tract
Prepares female for implantation
Inhibits release of follicle stimulating hormone
Promotes mammary development
Increase in progesterone and decrease in oestrogen will cause female to accept male
Testosterone
Produces by interstitial cells
Acts around the body
Develops muscle mass
Develops barbs in Tom cat
Libido/mating behaviours
Aggressive/territorial behaviours
Development of spermatoszoa
