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Capella Medical Term > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

the nitrogenous waste products released into the bloodstream

A

urea, creatinine, and uric acid

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2
Q

why does urinary system remove the waste from the blood

A

so that they do not accumulate and become harmful

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3
Q

What is urine composed of

A

water, salt, and acids

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4
Q

what are the three organs that urine leaves the body from

A

ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

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5
Q

the small molecules that conduct an electrical charge

A

sodium and potassium

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6
Q

the body’s ability to maintain an equilibrium within its internal enviroment

A

homeostasis

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7
Q

Home/o

A

sameness

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8
Q

raises blood pressure to keep blood moving via kidneys

A

renin

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9
Q

hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

A

erythropoietin (EPO)

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10
Q

an active form of vitamin D, necessary for the absorption of calcium from the intestines

A

calciferol

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11
Q

Where are the kidney located at?

A

either side of the spine in the lumbar region

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12
Q

What cushions the kidney for protection

A

a cushion of adipose fatty tissue, and fibrous connective tissue.

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13
Q

the outer region that means bark of a tree

A

cortex

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14
Q

the inner region that means marrow

A

medulla

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15
Q

a depression on the medial border of the kidney, allow blood and nerves to pass via

A

hilum

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16
Q

one, of two tubes that carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

A

ureter

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17
Q

hollow, muscular sac, temporary reservoir for urine

A

urinary bladder

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18
Q

the triangular region at the bladder base that ureters enter and urethra exist

A

trigone

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19
Q

tube that carries urine from urinary bladder to the outside body

A

urethra

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20
Q

external opening of the urethra

A

urinary meatus

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21
Q

where does blood enter the kidney

A

from the aorta, right and left renal arteries

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22
Q

smallest arteries

A

arterioles

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23
Q

singular, collection of tiny capillaries formed in the shape of a small ball

A

glomerulus

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24
Q

the cup-like structure that surround glomerulus

A

glomerular (bowman) capsule

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25
Q

What does the walls of the glomeruli prevent from filtering into the urine

A

large substances like proteins and blood cells

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26
Q

long, twisted tube attached to each glomerular capsule

A

renal tubule

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27
Q

combination of a glomerulus and renal tubule forms a unit of a

A

nephron

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28
Q

basin like area in the central part of the kidney

A

renal pelvis

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29
Q

small cup like region of the renal pelvis

A

calyces or calices, calyx or calix (singular)

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30
Q

cali/o, calic/o

A

calyx; cup shaped

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31
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary bladder

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32
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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33
Q

meat/o

A

meatus

34
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

35
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

36
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

37
Q

trigon/o

A

trigone (region of the bladder)

38
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

39
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

40
Q

vesic/o

A

urinary bladder

41
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin (protein in the blood)

42
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogen

43
Q

bacteri/o

A

bacteria

44
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

45
Q

kal/o

A

potassium

46
Q

ket/o, keton/o

A

ketone bodies

47
Q

lith/o

A

stone

48
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

49
Q

noct/o

A

night

50
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

51
Q

-poietin

A

substance that forms

52
Q

py/o

A

pus

53
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

54
Q

ur/o

A

urine (urea)

55
Q

urin/o

A

urine

56
Q

-uria

A

urination; urine condition

57
Q

is the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements that may indicate various pathologic conditions

A

urinalysis

58
Q

normal color of urine

A

yellow or straw colored

59
Q

indicates large amount of water in urine

A

colorless, pale

60
Q

indicates presence of large amounts of blood

A

smokey-red or brown color

61
Q

normal urine should be

A

clear

62
Q

indicates urinary tract infection with pyuria and bacteriuria

A

cloudy or turbid

63
Q

normal urine is slightly acidic with a ph of

A

6.5

64
Q

when is the urine pH alkaline, owing to the actions of bacteria in urine

A

infections

65
Q

what is responsible for a positive of protein in the urine, in large amounts

A

albumin

66
Q

what indicates sugar in the urine

A

diabetes mellitus

67
Q

excess sugar in bloodstream

A

hyperglycemia

68
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

inflammation of the glomeruli within kidneys

69
Q

interstitial nephritis

A

inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

70
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

kidney stones

71
Q

nephrotic syndrome nephrosis

A

group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

72
Q

polycystic kidney disease PKD

A

multiple fluid filled sacs cysts within and on kidney

73
Q

pyelonephriitis

A

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

74
Q

renal cell carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of kidney in adulthood

75
Q

renal failure

A

decrease in excretion of wastes results form impaired filtration function

76
Q

renal hypertension

A

high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

77
Q

wilms tumor

A

malignant tumor of the kidney occuring in childhood

78
Q

bladder cancer

A

malignant tumor of urinary bladder

79
Q

diabetes insipidus DI

A

antidiuretic hormone ADH in not secreted or there is a resistane of the kidney to ADH

80
Q

diabetes mellitus DM

A

insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

Capella Medical Term (9 decks)

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