Urinary System Flashcards
the nitrogenous waste products released into the bloodstream
urea, creatinine, and uric acid
why does urinary system remove the waste from the blood
so that they do not accumulate and become harmful
What is urine composed of
water, salt, and acids
what are the three organs that urine leaves the body from
ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
the small molecules that conduct an electrical charge
sodium and potassium
the body’s ability to maintain an equilibrium within its internal enviroment
homeostasis
Home/o
sameness
raises blood pressure to keep blood moving via kidneys
renin
hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
erythropoietin (EPO)
an active form of vitamin D, necessary for the absorption of calcium from the intestines
calciferol
Where are the kidney located at?
either side of the spine in the lumbar region
What cushions the kidney for protection
a cushion of adipose fatty tissue, and fibrous connective tissue.
the outer region that means bark of a tree
cortex
the inner region that means marrow
medulla
a depression on the medial border of the kidney, allow blood and nerves to pass via
hilum
one, of two tubes that carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
ureter
hollow, muscular sac, temporary reservoir for urine
urinary bladder
the triangular region at the bladder base that ureters enter and urethra exist
trigone
tube that carries urine from urinary bladder to the outside body
urethra
external opening of the urethra
urinary meatus
where does blood enter the kidney
from the aorta, right and left renal arteries
smallest arteries
arterioles
singular, collection of tiny capillaries formed in the shape of a small ball
glomerulus
the cup-like structure that surround glomerulus
glomerular (bowman) capsule
What does the walls of the glomeruli prevent from filtering into the urine
large substances like proteins and blood cells
long, twisted tube attached to each glomerular capsule
renal tubule
combination of a glomerulus and renal tubule forms a unit of a
nephron
basin like area in the central part of the kidney
renal pelvis
small cup like region of the renal pelvis
calyces or calices, calyx or calix (singular)
cali/o, calic/o
calyx; cup shaped
cyst/o
urinary bladder
glomerul/o
glomerulus
meat/o
meatus
nephr/o
kidney
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ren/o
kidney
trigon/o
trigone (region of the bladder)
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
vesic/o
urinary bladder
albumin/o
albumin (protein in the blood)
azot/o
nitrogen
bacteri/o
bacteria
dips/o
thirst
kal/o
potassium
ket/o, keton/o
ketone bodies
lith/o
stone
natr/o
sodium
noct/o
night
olig/o
scanty
-poietin
substance that forms
py/o
pus
-tripsy
crushing
ur/o
urine (urea)
urin/o
urine
-uria
urination; urine condition
is the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements that may indicate various pathologic conditions
urinalysis
normal color of urine
yellow or straw colored
indicates large amount of water in urine
colorless, pale
indicates presence of large amounts of blood
smokey-red or brown color
normal urine should be
clear
indicates urinary tract infection with pyuria and bacteriuria
cloudy or turbid
normal urine is slightly acidic with a ph of
6.5
when is the urine pH alkaline, owing to the actions of bacteria in urine
infections
what is responsible for a positive of protein in the urine, in large amounts
albumin
what indicates sugar in the urine
diabetes mellitus
excess sugar in bloodstream
hyperglycemia
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli within kidneys
interstitial nephritis
inflammation of connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules
nephrolithiasis
kidney stones
nephrotic syndrome nephrosis
group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine
polycystic kidney disease PKD
multiple fluid filled sacs cysts within and on kidney
pyelonephriitis
inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma
renal cell carcinoma
cancerous tumor of kidney in adulthood
renal failure
decrease in excretion of wastes results form impaired filtration function
renal hypertension
high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
wilms tumor
malignant tumor of the kidney occuring in childhood
bladder cancer
malignant tumor of urinary bladder
diabetes insipidus DI
antidiuretic hormone ADH in not secreted or there is a resistane of the kidney to ADH
diabetes mellitus DM
insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects
