Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What does the musculoskeletal system include
bones, muscles, and joints
provides framework on which the body is constructed, protect/support internal organs
bones
Serve as a point of attachment for muscles, and assist body in movement
bones
What composes the inner core of bones?
hematopoietic tissue (red bone marrow)
What manufactures blood cells?
hematopoietic tissue (rbm)
What do the outer parts of bone storage?
calcium and phosphorus - mineral for growth
places at which bone comes together?
joints
What determines the type of joint in a location?
by need for greater or lesser flexibility of movement
responsible for movement, whether attached to bones, or internal organs, and blood vessels
muscles
connective tissue that bind muscles to bones
tendons
bind bones to other bones
ligaments
physicians who treat bone, joint and muscle conditions
orthopedists
physicians who specialize primarily in joint problems such as arthritis
rheumatologists
medical doctors whose focus in on rehab after injury or illness to muscles, bones, and nerves
physiatrists
not a physician, extensive, specialized training in using physical means to manipulate spinal column, joints, soft tissue
chiropractor
master or doctoral degree health care profess who develops a treatment plan based on pnysician’s diagnosis
physical therapist
What the main goal of physical therapy
restore function, improve mobility and relieve pain
what are bones composed of
osseous tissue (connective tissue), blood vessels and nerves
What is osseous tissue made of
osteocytes (connective tissue)
What does osteocytes made of
collagen and calcium salts
What are fetus composed of
cartilage
What is gladual replacement of cartilage, intercellular substances by immature bone cells and calcium deposis
osssification or bone formation
immature osteocytes that produce bony tissue that replaces cartilage during ossification
osteoblasts
-clasts
break down
large cells that function to reabsorb or digest bony tissue
osteroclasts also called bone phagocytes
Where do osteoclasts or bone phagocytes digest bone from
inner sides of bones to enlargen the inner bone cavity so that bones doesnt become thick and heavy
tearing down
osteoclasts
rebuilding
osteoblasts
what does bone formation depend on
calcium and phosphorus
What happens when calcium lacks in blood
nerve fibers are unable to transmit impulses effectively to muscles, cardio muscles become weak, muscles that are attached to bones undergo spasms
what gland maintains the necessary calcium level
parathyroid
how does parathyroid keep levels of calcium up
secreting hormone that signals calcium release from bone storage
how many bones are in the body
206
bones found in thigh, lower leg, upper and lower arms
long bones
bones found in wrist, ankle and small irregular shapes
short bones
are bones found covering soft body parts such as skull, shoulder blades, ribs and pelvic bones
flat bones
are bones that are small, rounded
sesamoid bones
Where are sesamoid bones found
near joints
What is the largest ex of a sesamoid bone
kneecap
shaft, middle region of a long bone
diaphysis
end of long bone
epiphysis
area of cartilage tissue that is constantly being replaced by new bone tissue as the bone grows, growth plate
epiphyseal line or plate
where cartilage cells form new bone in order to lengthen bones during childhood or adolescence
edges of the epiphyseal plate
flared portion of bone, between epiphysis and diaphysis
metaphysis
the strong, fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the surface of long bones
periosteum
ends of long bones and the surface of any bone that meets another bone to form joint are covered by
articular cartilage
What comes into contact at the end of two bones?
the articular cartilage. bones do not touch
What happens to the epiphyseal plate, when bones achieve its full growth
it disapears
layer of hard, dense bone that lies under the periosteum in all bones. located around the diaphysis of long bones
compact bone
what brings oxygen and nutrients to the bone and removes waste products such as carbon dioxide
blood vessels
contains yellow bone marrow composed of fat cells
medullary cavity
more porous and less dense than compact bones
cancellous bones (called spongy bone)
fibers found in epiphyses and metaphyses of long bones in the middle portion of most of the bones of the body as well.
trabeculae
what contains red bone marrow
spaces in cancellous bone
production of all types of blood cells in bone marrow
hematopoiesis
enlarged areas that extend out from bones to serve as attachments for muscles, tendons, ligaments,
bone processes
openings or hollow regions serving as connections between bones or passageways for blood vessels and nerves
bone depressions
rounded end of bone
bone head
rounded knuckle like process
condyle
small rounded process above the condyle
epicondyle
large and small processes for tendon attachments
trochanters
large and small processes for tendon attachments
trochanters
small round elevation where tendons and muscle attach
tuberosity
