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Capella Medical Term > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What does the musculoskeletal system include

A

bones, muscles, and joints

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2
Q

provides framework on which the body is constructed, protect/support internal organs

A

bones

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3
Q

Serve as a point of attachment for muscles, and assist body in movement

A

bones

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4
Q

What composes the inner core of bones?

A

hematopoietic tissue (red bone marrow)

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5
Q

What manufactures blood cells?

A

hematopoietic tissue (rbm)

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6
Q

What do the outer parts of bone storage?

A

calcium and phosphorus - mineral for growth

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7
Q

places at which bone comes together?

A

joints

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8
Q

What determines the type of joint in a location?

A

by need for greater or lesser flexibility of movement

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9
Q

responsible for movement, whether attached to bones, or internal organs, and blood vessels

A

muscles

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10
Q

connective tissue that bind muscles to bones

A

tendons

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11
Q

bind bones to other bones

A

ligaments

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12
Q

physicians who treat bone, joint and muscle conditions

A

orthopedists

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13
Q

physicians who specialize primarily in joint problems such as arthritis

A

rheumatologists

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14
Q

medical doctors whose focus in on rehab after injury or illness to muscles, bones, and nerves

A

physiatrists

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15
Q

not a physician, extensive, specialized training in using physical means to manipulate spinal column, joints, soft tissue

A

chiropractor

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16
Q

master or doctoral degree health care profess who develops a treatment plan based on pnysician’s diagnosis

A

physical therapist

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17
Q

What the main goal of physical therapy

A

restore function, improve mobility and relieve pain

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18
Q

what are bones composed of

A

osseous tissue (connective tissue), blood vessels and nerves

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19
Q

What is osseous tissue made of

A

osteocytes (connective tissue)

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20
Q

What does osteocytes made of

A

collagen and calcium salts

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21
Q

What are fetus composed of

A

cartilage

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22
Q

What is gladual replacement of cartilage, intercellular substances by immature bone cells and calcium deposis

A

osssification or bone formation

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23
Q

immature osteocytes that produce bony tissue that replaces cartilage during ossification

A

osteoblasts

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24
Q

-clasts

A

break down

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25
Q

large cells that function to reabsorb or digest bony tissue

A

osteroclasts also called bone phagocytes

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26
Q

Where do osteoclasts or bone phagocytes digest bone from

A

inner sides of bones to enlargen the inner bone cavity so that bones doesnt become thick and heavy

27
Q

tearing down

A

osteoclasts

28
Q

rebuilding

A

osteoblasts

29
Q

what does bone formation depend on

A

calcium and phosphorus

30
Q

What happens when calcium lacks in blood

A

nerve fibers are unable to transmit impulses effectively to muscles, cardio muscles become weak, muscles that are attached to bones undergo spasms

31
Q

what gland maintains the necessary calcium level

A

parathyroid

32
Q

how does parathyroid keep levels of calcium up

A

secreting hormone that signals calcium release from bone storage

33
Q

how many bones are in the body

A

206

34
Q

bones found in thigh, lower leg, upper and lower arms

A

long bones

35
Q

bones found in wrist, ankle and small irregular shapes

A

short bones

36
Q

are bones found covering soft body parts such as skull, shoulder blades, ribs and pelvic bones

A

flat bones

37
Q

are bones that are small, rounded

A

sesamoid bones

38
Q

Where are sesamoid bones found

A

near joints

39
Q

What is the largest ex of a sesamoid bone

A

kneecap

40
Q

shaft, middle region of a long bone

A

diaphysis

41
Q

end of long bone

A

epiphysis

42
Q

area of cartilage tissue that is constantly being replaced by new bone tissue as the bone grows, growth plate

A

epiphyseal line or plate

43
Q

where cartilage cells form new bone in order to lengthen bones during childhood or adolescence

A

edges of the epiphyseal plate

44
Q

flared portion of bone, between epiphysis and diaphysis

A

metaphysis

45
Q

the strong, fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the surface of long bones

A

periosteum

46
Q

ends of long bones and the surface of any bone that meets another bone to form joint are covered by

A

articular cartilage

47
Q

What comes into contact at the end of two bones?

A

the articular cartilage. bones do not touch

48
Q

What happens to the epiphyseal plate, when bones achieve its full growth

A

it disapears

49
Q

layer of hard, dense bone that lies under the periosteum in all bones. located around the diaphysis of long bones

A

compact bone

50
Q

what brings oxygen and nutrients to the bone and removes waste products such as carbon dioxide

A

blood vessels

51
Q

contains yellow bone marrow composed of fat cells

A

medullary cavity

52
Q

more porous and less dense than compact bones

A

cancellous bones (called spongy bone)

53
Q

fibers found in epiphyses and metaphyses of long bones in the middle portion of most of the bones of the body as well.

A

trabeculae

54
Q

what contains red bone marrow

A

spaces in cancellous bone

55
Q

production of all types of blood cells in bone marrow

A

hematopoiesis

56
Q

enlarged areas that extend out from bones to serve as attachments for muscles, tendons, ligaments,

A

bone processes

57
Q

openings or hollow regions serving as connections between bones or passageways for blood vessels and nerves

A

bone depressions

58
Q

rounded end of bone

A

bone head

59
Q

rounded knuckle like process

A

condyle

60
Q

small rounded process above the condyle

A

epicondyle

61
Q

large and small processes for tendon attachments

A

trochanters

62
Q

large and small processes for tendon attachments

A

trochanters

63
Q

small round elevation where tendons and muscle attach

A

tuberosity

Capella Medical Term (9 decks)

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