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unit 5 applied Science Biology > Urinary system > Flashcards

Urinary system Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Functions of the kidneys

A

Removes metabolic waste from the blood and forms urine

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2
Q

Functions of the ureter

A

Tubes 10 inches long that transport urine away from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

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3
Q

Functions of the urinary bladder

A

A hollow extensible, muscular organ that temporarily holds urine

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4
Q

Describe the urinary bladder in males and females

A

Smaller in female, larger in male

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5
Q

Capacity of the urinary bladder

A

Approximately 470 mL. At 250-300 mL you begin to feel the urge to urinate and when full, the top of the bladder reaches the level of the umbilicus

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6
Q

Length of urethra in males and females

A
  • Male 8-9 inches
  • Female 1.5 inches
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7
Q

Dimensions and shape of the kidneys

A

4.5 in by 2.5 in by 1 inch; bean shaped

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8
Q

Which kidney is larger in humans

A

Left is larger in humans as well as higher

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9
Q

Function of adipose with the kidneys

A

Cushions the kidneys and helps to hold them in place

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10
Q

Position of kidneys

A

Lies against the dorsal abdominal wall, below the waist line, behind the abdominal peritoneum

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11
Q

Three major regions of the kidneys

A

cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis

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12
Q

Cortex

A

Outer layer, granular appearance, renal columns which are part of the cortex and extends into some areas of the medulla

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13
Q

Medulla

A

Second layer, striated in appearance, consist of renal pyramids

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14
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Funnel shaped sue that forms the upper end of the ureter

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15
Q

Calyx

A

Smaller region of the renal pelvis, collects urine

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16
Q

Renal pyramids

A

conical masses that make up medulla

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17
Q

Bowman’s Capsule

A

Expanded end of a nephron, encloses glomerulus

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18
Q

function of Bowman’s Capsule

A

Filters blood to form urine from metabolic waste

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19
Q

Nephron

A

Functional unit

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20
Q

How many nephrons are present in one kidney

A

1 million per kidney

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21
Q

Glomerulus

A

Bundle of capillaries enclosed by Bowman’s capsule

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22
Q

How does diffusion occur in the glomerulus

A

High pressure of blood in glomerulus causes materials to diffuse out of vessels and into Bowman’s capsule

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23
Q

passage of blood

A

blood enters through an afferent vessel and leaves glomerulus through an efferent vessel

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24
Q

name 3 renal tubules

A

proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule

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25
Q

Where does filtrate go from the Bowman’s capsule

A

The filtrates from Bowman’s capsule pass through the tubules and certain components are reabsorbed into capillaries that surround the tubules

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26
Q

Define glycosuria

A

excess sugar in urine

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27
Q

Define hematuria

A

Blood present in urine

28
Q

Define pyuria

A

puss or WBCs present in urine

29
Q

Define pylitis

A

infection of renal pelvis

30
Q

Renal calculi

A

Kidney stones in renal pelvis

31
Q

Cystitis

A

infection of the urinary bladder

32
Q

Nephritis

A

Infection of the nephron

33
Q

Edema

A

Accumulation of fluid in the tissue

34
Q

Uremia

A

Kidney failure

35
Q

Micturition

A

urination

36
Q

Hemodialysis

A

Acts as a filtering system for blood and extends life expectancy

37
Q

Name the vein and artery used in hemodialysis

A

Renal artery and saphenous vein

38
Q

How long does hemodialysis take

A

3 to 4 hours

39
Q

Urology

A

Study of the urinary tract

40
Q

4 organs of the urinary system

A

Urethra, Urinary bladder, Ureters, Kidneys

41
Q

Renal Hilium

A

The entry and exit site for structures servicing the kidneys: vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and ureters

42
Q

3 structures that protect the kidney

A

Adipose, Renal Capsule, and Renal fascia

43
Q

What causes “floating kidney” disease

A

When perirenal fascia is not abundant, the kidneys are not fixed in place and they drop upon standing

44
Q

Danger of “floating kidney” disease

A

difficult and painful urination

45
Q

2 parts of the renal corpuscle

A

Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus

46
Q

Renal plexus

A

Nerve that supplies information to the kidneys

47
Q

Can nephrons regenerate

A

No

48
Q

Functions of the nephrons

A

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

49
Q

Aldosterone

A

produced by adrenal glands, controlled by NaCl

50
Q

3 examples of a diuretic

A

alcohol, coffee, chocolate

51
Q

what happens in the absence ADH

A

tubules absorb more solutes than water, this form diluted urine

52
Q

factors the play a role in transporting urine from ureter to baldder

A

blood pressure, fluid intake, diseases

53
Q

factors that influence urine volume

A

dehydration, blood loss, diuretics, infection

54
Q

Description of normal urinalysis

A

yellow in color, clear, aromatic, 4.8-7.5 pH

55
Q

Abnormal urinalysis

A

dark red/brown in color, fishy odor, hazy, above 7.5 pH or below 4.8 pH

56
Q

Functions of male urethra

A

expels both urine and semen

57
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

58
Q

Nocturia

A

Excessive urination at night

59
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

60
Q

urea

A

presence of proteins

61
Q

uric acid

A

presence of nucleic acids

62
Q

creatinine

A

presence of muscle

63
Q

amino acids

A

presence of protein metabolism

64
Q

how much blood do the kidneys filter

A

48 gallons in a 24 hour period

65
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure a fluid exerts

unit 5 applied Science Biology (4 decks)

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