Urinary system Flashcards
Functions of the kidneys
Removes metabolic waste from the blood and forms urine
Functions of the ureter
Tubes 10 inches long that transport urine away from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Functions of the urinary bladder
A hollow extensible, muscular organ that temporarily holds urine
Describe the urinary bladder in males and females
Smaller in female, larger in male
Capacity of the urinary bladder
Approximately 470 mL. At 250-300 mL you begin to feel the urge to urinate and when full, the top of the bladder reaches the level of the umbilicus
Length of urethra in males and females
- Male 8-9 inches
- Female 1.5 inches
Dimensions and shape of the kidneys
4.5 in by 2.5 in by 1 inch; bean shaped
Which kidney is larger in humans
Left is larger in humans as well as higher
Function of adipose with the kidneys
Cushions the kidneys and helps to hold them in place
Position of kidneys
Lies against the dorsal abdominal wall, below the waist line, behind the abdominal peritoneum
Three major regions of the kidneys
cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis
Cortex
Outer layer, granular appearance, renal columns which are part of the cortex and extends into some areas of the medulla
Medulla
Second layer, striated in appearance, consist of renal pyramids
Renal pelvis
Funnel shaped sue that forms the upper end of the ureter
Calyx
Smaller region of the renal pelvis, collects urine
Renal pyramids
conical masses that make up medulla
Bowman’s Capsule
Expanded end of a nephron, encloses glomerulus
function of Bowman’s Capsule
Filters blood to form urine from metabolic waste
Nephron
Functional unit
How many nephrons are present in one kidney
1 million per kidney
Glomerulus
Bundle of capillaries enclosed by Bowman’s capsule
How does diffusion occur in the glomerulus
High pressure of blood in glomerulus causes materials to diffuse out of vessels and into Bowman’s capsule
passage of blood
blood enters through an afferent vessel and leaves glomerulus through an efferent vessel
name 3 renal tubules
proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule
Where does filtrate go from the Bowman’s capsule
The filtrates from Bowman’s capsule pass through the tubules and certain components are reabsorbed into capillaries that surround the tubules
Define glycosuria
excess sugar in urine
Define hematuria
Blood present in urine
Define pyuria
puss or WBCs present in urine
Define pylitis
infection of renal pelvis
Renal calculi
Kidney stones in renal pelvis
Cystitis
infection of the urinary bladder
Nephritis
Infection of the nephron
Edema
Accumulation of fluid in the tissue
Uremia
Kidney failure
Micturition
urination
Hemodialysis
Acts as a filtering system for blood and extends life expectancy
Name the vein and artery used in hemodialysis
Renal artery and saphenous vein
How long does hemodialysis take
3 to 4 hours
Urology
Study of the urinary tract
4 organs of the urinary system
Urethra, Urinary bladder, Ureters, Kidneys
Renal Hilium
The entry and exit site for structures servicing the kidneys: vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and ureters
3 structures that protect the kidney
Adipose, Renal Capsule, and Renal fascia
What causes “floating kidney” disease
When perirenal fascia is not abundant, the kidneys are not fixed in place and they drop upon standing
Danger of “floating kidney” disease
difficult and painful urination
2 parts of the renal corpuscle
Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus
Renal plexus
Nerve that supplies information to the kidneys
Can nephrons regenerate
No
Functions of the nephrons
filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Aldosterone
produced by adrenal glands, controlled by NaCl
3 examples of a diuretic
alcohol, coffee, chocolate
what happens in the absence ADH
tubules absorb more solutes than water, this form diluted urine
factors the play a role in transporting urine from ureter to baldder
blood pressure, fluid intake, diseases
factors that influence urine volume
dehydration, blood loss, diuretics, infection
Description of normal urinalysis
yellow in color, clear, aromatic, 4.8-7.5 pH
Abnormal urinalysis
dark red/brown in color, fishy odor, hazy, above 7.5 pH or below 4.8 pH
Functions of male urethra
expels both urine and semen
polyuria
excessive urination
Nocturia
Excessive urination at night
dysuria
painful urination
urea
presence of proteins
uric acid
presence of nucleic acids
creatinine
presence of muscle
amino acids
presence of protein metabolism
how much blood do the kidneys filter
48 gallons in a 24 hour period
hydrostatic pressure
pressure a fluid exerts
