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unit 5 applied Science Biology > The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Four chambers of the heart?

A
  • Left Atrium
  • Right Atrium
  • Left Ventricle
  • Right Ventricle
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2
Q

Formula for Cardiac output

A

Heart rate X Stroke Volume

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3
Q

What is the Septum?

A

Muscular bands that separate the left and right ventricles and contributes to cardiac function

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4
Q

Name the valve on the right side of the heart

A

Tricuspid Valve

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5
Q

Name the valve on the Left side of the heart

A

Bicuspid Valve

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6
Q

what is meant by SAN

A

Sinoatrial node

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7
Q

Function of the SAN node?

A

The natural pacemaker of the heart which is responsible for regular contraction of the heart muscle

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8
Q

What is the Vena Cava?

A

A large vein

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9
Q

Function of the Superior vena cava

A

The superior vena cava carries blood from the head, neck, arms, and chest.

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10
Q

Function of the inferior vena cava

A

The inferior vena cava carries blood from the legs, feet, and organs in the abdomen and pelvis.

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11
Q

Function of the right pulmonary artery?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood to the right lung

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12
Q

Function of the left pulmonary artery?

A

Carries deoxygented blood to the left lung

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13
Q

What is the Aorta?

A

The largest artery of the body

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14
Q

What is the function of the Aorta?

A

Carries oxygenated blood to the body

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15
Q

What is the Semilunar Valve and its function?

A

It is a half-moon-shaped leaflet of endocardium and connective tissues which prevents the backward flow of blood.

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16
Q

What is the bundle of HIS

A

A group of fibres that carry electrical impulses through the centre of the heart. if the signals are blocked, you will have problems with your heartbeat.

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17
Q

Function of HIS

A

Transmits impulses from the AV node to the ventricles.

18
Q

Structure of Arteries

A

-relatively thick wall
-smooth muscle
-elastic fibres
-lined with a smooth layer of endothelial cells
-narrow lumen

19
Q

Structure of the Capillaries

A

-thin wall (one cell thick)
-small lumen

20
Q

Structure of the Veins

A

-thin wall
-smooth muscle
-elastic fibres
-wide lumen
-valves

21
Q

Function of the arteries

A

-withstand high blood pressure
-walls stretch and recoil to smooth blood flow
-low friction surface to ease blood flow

22
Q

Function of the veins

A

-blood under low pressure
-no stretching and recoiling
-acts as a blood reservoir due to large volume
-valves stop backflow, ensuring a one-way flow of blood toward the heart

23
Q

Function of the capillaries

A

-allows exchange between blood and tissues
-links arteries and veins

24
Q

What is the Cardiac Cycle?

A

blood fills the atrium via gravity
-right and left atria contract together
-blood leaves the atrium
-atrial kick happens to push blood into the ventricle
-blood moves into the ventricles
-AV valves close
-ventricular pressure rises
-volume rises
-pockets fill with blood
-as the ventricles finish contracting the ventricular pressure rises above the pressure in the aorta and pulmonary artery
-apex contracts and semi-lumar valve opens
-blood passes from ventricles into the semi-lumar valve

25
Q

What is AVN?

A

Atrioventricular node

26
Q

Describe what happens in the contraction of the heart

A

-Contraction is initiated by the SAN, which sends out a wave of contraction around the walls of the atria. this causes the atria to contract together, pushing blood into the ventricles
-Waves of contraction cant pass into the ventricles because there is a barrier of insulating tissue separating the atria and the ventricles; instead, the AV node passes the wave of contraction into the ventricles. The AV node is a slow-conducting bridge through the insulating tissue. it carries the contraction into the ventricles but does it slowly, so there is time for the ventricles to fill before it contracts
-The AV node is connected to the Purkinje fibres (through the bundle of his), the fibres are fast conducting and lead the contraction to the bottom of the ventricles. This means that the ventricles contract bottom-upwards, ensuring that all the blood is forced into circulation.

27
Q

What are Purkinje fibres?

A

Specific heart muscle tissue that is responsible for the generation of heart impulses.

28
Q

What is sinus arrhythmia

A

Irregular heartbeat

29
Q

What is Bradycardia?

A

Slow heartbeat

30
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

Fast heartbeat

31
Q

What is a T wave?

A

Shows diastole

32
Q

What happens between the P-R waves

A

Delay in excitation from the SA node to the AV node

33
Q

What is the QRS complex?

A

Activation of ventricle

34
Q

What is a P wave

A

Activation of the atria

35
Q

What is Diastole

A

Period of ventricular/ atrial relaxation

36
Q

what is Systole

A

Period of ventricular/ atrial contraction

37
Q

Indications of Arrhythmias?

A

Tachycardia, Bradycardia,ventricular fibrillation, sinus arryhthmia, flat line

38
Q

What is meant by CVD

A

Cardiovascular disease

39
Q

What factors increases the risk of CVD

A
  • Genetics
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Diet
  • High blood pressure
  • Smoking
  • Inactivity
40
Q

Treatments for CVD

A
  • Transplants (heart ofc)
  • Low dose asprin
  • Statins
  • Antihypersentives

unit 5 applied Science Biology (4 decks)

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