Urinary/Reproductive

Question 1

most common cause of dysfunctional urinary bleeding?

Answer 1

anovulatory cycles (unoposed estrogen stimulation)

Question 2

What is measured in amniotic fluid to evaluate fetal lung maturity?

Answer 2

Phospholipid (lechtin/phosphatdylcholine)

Question 3

hw does MS cause urinary incontinence?

Answer 3

decreases parasympathetic tone to the detrusor muscle results in uninhibited bladder contraction

Question 4

2 high risk strains of HPV? why are they high risk?

Answer 4

16, 18

E6 and E7 proteins destroy p53 and Rb tumor suppresor genes, respectively

Question 5

if testicular tumor metastasizes, wt node does it go to?
A. Deep inguinal
B. External iliac
C. Internal iliac
D. Para-aortic
E. Superficial inguinal

Answer 5

Para-aortic

Question 6

wt nerve innervates the perineum? (uterus)

wt is the surgical landmark?

Answer 6

pudendal nerver

ischial spine

Question 7

wt happens to levels of FSH, LH and GnRH in menopause?

Answer 7

all increases

Estrogen decreases due to reduced primary follicles able to respond so negative feedback is reduced