Cardio

Question 1

pt presents post URI w arthritis, subcutaneous nodules:
diagnosis?
wt caused URI?
type of rxn? mech?

Answer 1

Rheumatic fever

strep pyogenes

type II hypersensitivity (IgM mediated)

Question 2

what are tall peaked T waves and widened QRS pathognomic for?

Answer 2

hyperkalemia

Question 3

Wt are flattened T waves and U waves indicitive of?

Answer 3

Hypokalemia

Question 4

wt causes a fixed split S2? associated murmur?

Answer 4

ASD

mid systolic ejection murmur at left upper sternal border

Question 5

wt causes a midsystolic click?

Answer 5

Mitral valve prolapse

Question 6

2 causes heart murmurs heard in diastole?

Answer 6

aortic regurgitation

mitral stenosis

Question 7

pt presents w diastolic murmur w opening snap,
diagnosis?
wt is a specific association?

Answer 7

mitral stenosis

RF

Question 8

pt presents w high pitched diastolic murmur and wide pulse pressure,
diagnosis?
wt physical sign will be evident in some patients?

Answer 8

aortic regurgitation

head bobbing

Question 9

cause of crescendo-decrescendo murmur?

how will pulses be affected?

Answer 9

Aortic stenosis

Weak pulses

Question 10

cause of systolic high-pitched blowing murmur?

Answer 10

mitral regurgitation

Question 11

cause of machine like murmur?

Answer 11

PDA

Question 12

2 formulas for calculating MAP?

Answer 12

MAP = CO * TPR
MAP = 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic

Question 13

where is the mean systolic pressure located on a CO/Venous return x RA pressure curve?

Answer 13

x axis intersect of RA pressure

Question 14

wt is the effect of low Hematocrit on viscosity?

Answer 14

low hematocrit will decrease viscosity

Question 15

wt cells would be found in bronchoalveolar lavage in a pt w CHF?

Answer 15

hemosiderin laden macrophages

Question 16

is verapamil or dilatezem stronger?

Answer 16

verapamil

Question 17

in amyloidosis when are the following seen?
AA
AF
AL
A Cal

Answer 17

AA (acute phase reactants)
AF (Familial and old Fogies)
AL (Light chain, Multiple myeloma, Lymphoma)
A Cal (Calcitonin)

Question 18

wt space is involved in cardiac tamponade? located bw?

Answer 18

pericardial space
bw
epicardium (visceral)
parietal pericardium

Question 19

in coarction of the aorta, wt else would be seen and why?

A. Anomalies of the radii of the arms
This is the correct answer. B. Erosion of the inferior aspect of the ribs
C. Expansion of the marrow space
D. Resorption of the distal clavicles
Answer selection is incorrect. E. Scalloping of the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies

Answer 19

Erosion of the inferior aspect of the ribs

due to collateral flow from left subclavian

Question 20

pathologic cause of S3?

3 normal causes?

Answer 20

CHF

pregnancy
kids
athletes

Question 21

wt defect accompanies persistent truncus arteriosus?

Answer 21

VSD

Question 22

which of the following would be increased 1 hour after excercise?
during exercise?

A. Adenosine
 B. Basic fibroblast growth factor
 C. Growth hormone
 D. Tissue oxygen partial pressure
This is the correct answer.  E. Vascular endothelial growth factor

Answer 22

VEGF 1 hr

Adenosine during

Question 23

wt is associated w coronary sinus dilation?

Answer 23

right atria dilation (Pulmonary HTN)

Question 24

most common heart defect in pts w downs syndrome?

Answer 24

atrial/ventricular septal defects (and complete atrioventricular canal)

Question 25

most common heart defect in pts w marfans?

Answer 25

MVP

Question 26

2 most common heart defect in pts w turners?

Answer 26

bicuspid aorta

coarction of aorta

Question 27

most common heart defect in premature infants w respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 27

PDA

Question 28

wc genetic heart defect can result in paradoxical stroke?

Answer 28

patent foramen ovale

Question 29

most artery occlusion causing inferior heart ischemia?

Answer 29

Right Coronary

Question 30

where do irreversible changes occur due to ASD?

Answer 30

pulmonary vessels bc there is a lot more blood going thru them

Question 31

wt is valvular insufficiency?

Answer 31

failure of valve to close

Question 32

type of necrosis in MI?

Answer 32

coagulative necrosis