Urinary/Renal Flashcards
five functions of the kidney
Blood filtration, reabsorption, secretion
Fluid balance regulation
Blood pressure via fluid balances
Acid/base balance regulation through electrolytes
Hormone production (erythropoietin)
two hormones responsible for fluid balance regulation
ADH (anti diuretic hormone)
Aldosterone
The rate at which plasma is filtered as it goes through the glomerulus
glomerular filtration rate
Normally, about _____ of the plasma is removed from circulation every minute
25%
ADH (anti diuretic hormone) is released by the ______ ______ and acts on the _____ ______ _____, causing _____ water reabsorbtion
pituitary gland
distal convoluted tubule
more
helps regulate your blood pressure by managing the levels of sodium (salt) and potassium in your blood and impacting blood volume
aldosterone
Many drugs must be used with caution or at ______ ______ for patients with renal insufficiency.
modified doses
three uses of osmotic diuretics
decrease IOP
reduce cerebral edema
ascites
______ diuretics have a longer duration than loop diuretics
thiazide
two uses for thiazide diuretics
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
hypertension in dogs
potassium sparing diuretics work by antagonizing _______
aldosterone
what diuretic should be avoided in addison’s patients
potassium sparing diurects
two indications for carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics
Reduce IOP (Glaucoma-open angle)
Metabolic alkalosis
what do cholinergic agonist/parasympathomimetic drugs mimic
acetylcholine
two urinary indications for cholinergic agonist/parasympathomimetic drugs
Used to improve bladder tone
Correct bladder atony which is common following obstruction
lack of normal tone or tension
atony
adverse effect of anticholinergic/parasympatholytic drugs
decreased gastric motility
two uses of adrenergic antagonists/alpha adrenergic antagonist (alpha blockers) for urinary issues
Reduce urethra sphincter tone—relax and PEEE!!!!
Mild hypertension (Vasodilation) associated with chronic renal failure
what do adrenergic antagonists/beta adrenergic antagonist (beta blockers) block
catecholamines
what do ACE inhibitors reduce
vasoconstriction
two uses for ACE inhibitors
Used to treat hypertension (Chronic renal failure)
Protein losing glomerulonephritis
inflammation and damage to the filtering part of the kidneys (glomerulus)
glomerulonephritis
what are calcium channel blockers/vasodilators used for
hypertension due to chronic renal failure
what is ADH (Vasopressin) used to treat
Treats diabetes insipidus PU/PD without hyperglycemia
used to dissolve crystals and stones resulting from alkaline urine.
urinary acidifiers
why are urinary acidifiers no longer used
because we have pH modifying urinary diets
urinary acidifiers are not used for what
kidney/liver disease
used to prevent Ammonium acid urate, calcium oxalate, and cystine uroliths
urinary alkalizers
used to prevent uric acid (gout)
Xanthine Oxidase inhibitors
three causes for urinary incontinence
neurogenic (nervous system)
non neurogenic (physical, hormonal, etc)
behavioral
which urinary incontinence drug is risky and estrogen based
Diethylstilbestrol
which urinary incontinence drug is safe
Phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine works on _____ muscle
smooth
urinary tract analgesic drug
Phenazopyradine
do not use Phenazopyradine in what species
cats
what are tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline) used for
FLUTD cats
what does FLUTD mean
Feline lower urinary tract disease
Lubricate lining of bladder and urethra – crystals and bacteria do not adhere
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
reinforce GAGs effect
Pentosan Polysulfated Sodium
Phosphate binder in intestinal tract
epakitin
reduces azotemia - “enteric dialysis”
azodyl
uses dietary supplements to bind or transform certain molecules so they no longer pass through the gut lining
enteric dialysis
