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Pharm Unit 5 > Blood, Chemo, Misc > Flashcards

Blood, Chemo, Misc Flashcards

1
Q

Promote blood formation/ oxygen carrying potential

A

hematinics

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2
Q

four kinds of heamtinics

A

iron compounds
erythropoietin
androgens
blood substitutes

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3
Q

what species are iron compounds commonly used it

A

baby pigs - “thumps”

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4
Q

what is erythropoietin used to treat

A

anemia due to chronic renal failure

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5
Q

which hematinic is used for chronic renal failure but has inconsistent results

A

androgens

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6
Q

blood substitute that is sometimes available in the US

A

oxyglobin

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7
Q

two pathways for anticoagulants

A

intrinsic
extrinsic

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8
Q

anticoagulant pathway that is activated by injury to the endothelial layer of a blood vessel

A

intrinsic

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9
Q

anticoagulant pathway that is activated by injury to the tissue

A

extrinsic

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10
Q

heparin prevents conversion of _______ to _______

A

prothrombin
thrombin

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11
Q

EDTA prevents clotting by

A

chelation of calcium (factor IV)

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12
Q

what kind of poisoning is EDTA used for

A

lead and other heavy metals

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13
Q

what anticoagulant binds vitamin K

A

coumarin derivatitves

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14
Q

what are Acid Citrate Dextrose, Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine (ACD, CPDA-1) anticoagulants used for

A

blood transfusion bags/bottles

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15
Q

two treatments uses for aspirin

A

prevent thromboembolism in heartworm treatment in dogs
feline cardiomyopathy

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16
Q

two ways that hemostatics/anticoagulants antagonists can be used

A

topically
parentally

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17
Q

what do topical hemostatics/anticoagulant antagonist provide

A

framework for the clot

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18
Q

parental hemostatics/anticoagulant antagonists don’t directly activate what

A

the clot

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19
Q

what do parental hemostatics/anticoagulant antagonists promote

A

synthesis of clotting factors

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20
Q

what parental hemostatics/anticoagulant antagonists is used for heparin toxicity

A

protamine sulfate

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21
Q

what parental hemostatics/anticoagulant antagonists is used for rodenticide ingestion

A

vitamin K1 (phytonadione)

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22
Q

what parental hemostatics/anticoagulant antagonists is used to treat thrombocytopenia

A

aminocaproic acid

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23
Q

what kind of drugs are used to Break/dissolve down thrombus or thromboembolism

A

fibrinolytic (thrombolytic)

24
Q

three treatments with fibrinolytics (thrombolytics)

A

Feline thromboembolism
Catheter thrombus
pulmonary thrombus

25
Q

four locations of rapidly dividing cells that are effected by chemo drugs

A

GI
Hair
Bone Marrow
Reproductive

26
Q

two things that influence the effectiveness of chemo drugs

A

Length of time exposed
Tumor resistance to drug (ie – Dose required)

27
Q

give chemo drugs in ______ doses more ______

A

smaller
frequently

28
Q

for chemo drugs, use the ______ safe dose for a _____ period of time

A

maximum
short

29
Q

chemo drugs are usually given in _____ with other drugs

A

combination

30
Q

how should all chemo drugs be dosed

A

body weight in kg to meter squared

31
Q

how do alkylating agents work as a chemo drug

A

cell cycle nonspecific chemo drug that stops DNA replication

32
Q

adverse effect of alkylating agents

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis

33
Q

what soil fungus are anthracyclines derived from

A

Fungus Streptomyces

34
Q

what kind of cancers are anthracyclines used for

A

lymphoproliferative cancers

35
Q

most commonly used chemo drug in vet med

A

doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

36
Q

why must you make sure you get anthracyclines in the vein on the first poke

A

they can cause very strong tissue damage in they leak out

37
Q

antimetabolites are cell cycle ______

A

specific

38
Q

what phase of DNA replication do antimetabolites effect

A

S phase

39
Q

four kinds of treatments that antimetabolite chemo drugs are used for

A

lymphoproliferative
liver
GI
brain cancers

40
Q

what phase of DNA replication do antimetabolites effect

A

M phase

41
Q

antitubulin agents are plant alkaloids, derived from what plant

A

periwinkle (vinca rosea)

42
Q

agents that alter the relationship between the tumor and animal and improve the body’s ability to fight it off on it’s own

A

biologic response modifiers (BRMs)

43
Q

two types of biologic response modifiers (BRMs)

A

monoclonal antibodies
interferon

44
Q

USDA approved drug for treatment of melanoma in dogs

A

canine melanoma vaccine

45
Q

what kind of tumors are platinum drugs used for and what species are they not for use in

A

solid tumors
not for cats

46
Q

what enzyme is asparaginase extracted from

A

E. Coli

47
Q

what is asparaginase

A

an amino acid required by cancer cells

48
Q

what are glucocorticoids used for in cancer treatment

A

appetite stimulant

49
Q

NSAID drug that is used for bladder cancer treatment

A

Piroxicam (Feldene)

50
Q

five immune mediated diseases that immunosuppressive drugs are used for

A

Lupus
Pemphigus
IBD
IMHA
Rheumatoid arthritis

51
Q

a disease that causes blistering of the skin and the inside of the mouth, nose, throat, eyes, and genitals

A

pemphigus

52
Q

what is Azathioprine (Imuran) used in combination with

A

prednisone/prednisolone

53
Q

what species is Azathioprine (Imuran) not used in

A

no cats!

54
Q

what is cyclosporine derived from

A

fungus

55
Q

corticosteroids in low dose are ______ and high dose are ______

A

anti inflammatory
immunosuppressive

56
Q

what is Oclacitinib (Apoquel) used for

A

pruritus in dogs older than 12 months of age

Pharm Unit 5 (22 decks)

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