Urinary Problems Flashcards
A 21-year-old female presents with recurrent dysuria and frequency. However, there is no nocturia. She was sexually abused as a child. On examination, there is mild discomfort in the suprapubic region. CBC, CMP and urinalysis are all normal.
Urethral syndrome
A 10-year-old male presents with frequent urination with nocturia. He drinks a lot of water also. On examination, there is nothing of note. Urinalysis shows a constant specific gravity of less than 1.005.
Diabetes mellitus
A 9-year-old child presents with brownish-colored urine and puffy eyelids especially in the mornings for the past 3 days. He was recently bitten mosquitoes two weeks ago, and some of the bites became infected. On examination, his BP is 130/90. There is slight pitting edema in both legs and a number of healed lesions on the arms and legs. CMP shows elevated BUN and creatinine levels. The ASOT is elevated. Urinalysis shows 2+ proteins and numerous RBCs. Urine microscopy shows numerous RBC casts.
Glomerulonephritis
A 64-year-old male presents with nocturia accompanied by a poor urinary stream. On examination, there is a smooth non-tender, enlarged prostate. His PSA is 5 pg/dL. Creatinine is slightly elevated.
BPH
A 23-year-old female presents with fever, chills, vomiting and dysuria. She also complains of LBP on the right side. On examination, there is tenderness on percussing the right costovertebral angle. CBC shows leuocytosis with elevated neutrophils. Urinalysis shows numerous bacteria and nitrites. Urine microscopy shows numerous WBC casts.
Pyelonephritis
An overweight 51-year-old male presents with frequent urination including getting up at night to go. He also complains of increased thirst and erectile dysfunction. CMP shows a glucose level of 465 mg/dL and there is 3+ glucose in his urine.
Diabetes mellitus
A 7-year-old child presents with frothy urine. Her mother also says the child’s eyelids are puff in the mornings. On examination, BP is normal and there is mild pitting edema in both legs. Urinalysis showed massive proteinuria but no blood cell casts. CMP show low serum proteins. Urinalysis also shows that the child is losing more than 3.5 grams of protein in a 24-hour period.
Nephrotic syndrome
A 78-year-old preacher slowly becomes incontinent. His relatives claim that his memory is also going. On examination, he walks with a broad-based gait and he is unable to perform rapidly alternating movements. Urinalysis is normal. CBC, CMP and TFTs are all normal as well. MRI showed dilated lateral ventricles.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
