Urinary Neoplasia Flashcards by Hannah Herrgesell

what are the options for urologic oncology?

kidney
urinary bladder
urethra
prostate

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what are the presenting signs for renal tumors?

vague lethargy
weight loss
pain: can be misinterpreted as back pain
anemia
intermittent hematuria

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what cell origin does renal cell carcinoma have?

epithelial cell

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what does mitotic count correlate with in dogs?

prognosis
>30 have a significantly shorter survival time

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who does renal cell carcinoma occur in?

dogs
cattle
horses
budgies

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who does renal cystadenocarcinoma occur in?

primarily dogs

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what does renal cystadenocarcinoma cause in disease process?

bilateral multifocal renal tumors
associated with dermal nodules

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which breed of dogs is associated with renal cystadenocarcinoma?

autosomal dominant mutation in german shepherds

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what does nephroblastoma arise from?

embryonic kidney tissue: persistent nephrogenic nest

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what is the prognosis of primary renal hemangiosarcoma?

slightly better than visceral
less blood loss due to the confined retroperitoneal location

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who does nephroblastoma impact?

younger animals
all species: common in swine, associated with avian leukosis virus in chickens

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what is the most common renal tumor in cats?

renal lymphoma

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is renal lymphoma unilateral or bilateral?

bilateral
both enlarged

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what is the sign of renal lymphoma?

severe, acute azotemia

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what is the cell of origin with urothelial carcinoma?

epithelial cell

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where does urothelial carcinoma arise from?

bladder
urethra
prostatic urethra
prostatic ducts

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what are the endogenous factors for developing carcinogenesis?

chronic inflammation
inherited predispositions

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what are the exogenous factors for developing carcinogenesis?

chemical carcinogens
oncogenic viruses
physical carcinogens

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what are the steps with carcinogenesis?

endogenous factors
exogenous factors
mutations
malignant cell capable of replication

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who is urothelial carcinoma most common in?

dogs
cattle
sheep

where does transitional cell carcinoma arise?

renal pelvis and ureters

which breeds are more likely to get canine urothelial carcinoma?

scotties: 21x
Eskimo dogs, shelties: 3-6x

what are the clinical signs of canine urothelial carcinoma?

hematuria, stranguria, pollakiuria
sometimes tenesmus
secondary UTIs common

what are the risk factors of canine urothelial carcinoma?

older dip-type flea products
lawn chemicals
female sex and obesity (sex not as big a deal in high-risk breeds)
urine retention
increased risk in neutered individuals of both sexes

what is something that can decrease the risk of canine urothelial carcinoma in scotties?

feed vegetables: carrots

how is urothelial carcinoma diagnosed?

definitive diagnosis via histopathology cystotomy, cystoscopy, traumatic catheterization percutaneous methods should be avoided BRAF assay

what does the cadet BRAF mutation assay look for?

mutation in BRAF V595E gene dogs only

true/false: surgery with complete excision of canine urothelial carcinoma is associated with a better prognosis than not doing surgery

false

what is the seed vs soil theory?

spread of cells from tumor or synchronous tumor development within a field of altered urothelium

what is the treatment of canine urothelial carcinoma?

cox-2 inhibitors chemotherapy goal is to stabilize tumor and prevent symptoms and progression

what is feline urothelial carcinoma treatment?

improved outcomes with surgery rare cox-2 inhibitors rule out lymphoma: not surgical if it is

what does bracken fern cause in cattle and sheep?

baldder tumors ptaquiloside concentrates in bladder

what does ptaquiloside concentrating in the bladder cause?

chronic bladder inflammation and irritation

how common are renal tumors?

rare: <0.3% of tumors

what is the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma?

guarded

why do you see polycythemia with renal cell carcinoma?

overproduction of erythropoietin

clear cell subtype carries the __________ prognosis in renal cell carcinoma

worse

what is the prognosis of renal cystadenocarcinoma?

grave

does surgery work well for nephroblastoma?

variable: best when combined with radiation

what cells does hemangiosarcoma arise from?

mesenchymal stem cells

how is renal lymphoma diagnosed?

ultrasound guided aspiration

what is development of lower urinary tract tumors associated with?

exposure to carcinogens

what are some oncogenic viruses?

feline leukemia virus bovine leucosis virus avian leucosis virus

what must a malignant cell capable of replication need to do to develop into a tumor?

evade the immune system recruit blood vessels mutations continue to accumulate

how specific and sensitive is the cadet BRAF mutation assay?

85-99% specific 60-85% sensitive

is surgery a common choice for urothelial carcinoma?

no: complicated

how well do abdominal wall metastases from urothelial carcinoma respond to therapy?

very poorly

who did abdominal wall metastasies occur more frequently in?

those with cystotomy

do bladder tumors in ruminants have a synergistic effect with papillomaviruses?

yes