Urinary Neoplasia Flashcards
what are the options for urologic oncology?
kidney
urinary bladder
urethra
prostate
what are the presenting signs for renal tumors?
vague lethargy
weight loss
pain: can be misinterpreted as back pain
anemia
intermittent hematuria
what cell origin does renal cell carcinoma have?
epithelial cell
what does mitotic count correlate with in dogs?
prognosis
>30 have a significantly shorter survival time
who does renal cell carcinoma occur in?
dogs
cattle
horses
budgies
who does renal cystadenocarcinoma occur in?
primarily dogs
what does renal cystadenocarcinoma cause in disease process?
bilateral multifocal renal tumors
associated with dermal nodules
which breed of dogs is associated with renal cystadenocarcinoma?
autosomal dominant mutation in german shepherds
what does nephroblastoma arise from?
embryonic kidney tissue: persistent nephrogenic nest
what is the prognosis of primary renal hemangiosarcoma?
slightly better than visceral
less blood loss due to the confined retroperitoneal location
who does nephroblastoma impact?
younger animals
all species: common in swine, associated with avian leukosis virus in chickens
what is the most common renal tumor in cats?
renal lymphoma
is renal lymphoma unilateral or bilateral?
bilateral
both enlarged
what is the sign of renal lymphoma?
severe, acute azotemia
what is the cell of origin with urothelial carcinoma?
epithelial cell
where does urothelial carcinoma arise from?
bladder
urethra
prostatic urethra
prostatic ducts
what are the endogenous factors for developing carcinogenesis?
chronic inflammation
inherited predispositions
what are the exogenous factors for developing carcinogenesis?
chemical carcinogens
oncogenic viruses
physical carcinogens
what are the steps with carcinogenesis?
endogenous factors
exogenous factors
mutations
malignant cell capable of replication
who is urothelial carcinoma most common in?
dogs
cattle
sheep
where does transitional cell carcinoma arise?
renal pelvis and ureters
which breeds are more likely to get canine urothelial carcinoma?
scotties: 21x
Eskimo dogs, shelties: 3-6x
what are the clinical signs of canine urothelial carcinoma?
hematuria, stranguria, pollakiuria
sometimes tenesmus
secondary UTIs common
what are the risk factors of canine urothelial carcinoma?
older dip-type flea products
lawn chemicals
female sex and obesity (sex not as big a deal in high-risk breeds)
urine retention
increased risk in neutered individuals of both sexes
what is something that can decrease the risk of canine urothelial carcinoma in scotties?
feed vegetables: carrots
how is urothelial carcinoma diagnosed?
definitive diagnosis via histopathology
cystotomy, cystoscopy, traumatic catheterization
percutaneous methods should be avoided
BRAF assay
what does the cadet BRAF mutation assay look for?
mutation in BRAF V595E gene
dogs only
true/false: surgery with complete excision of canine urothelial carcinoma is associated with a better prognosis than not doing surgery
false
what is the seed vs soil theory?
spread of cells from tumor or synchronous tumor development within a field of altered urothelium
what is the treatment of canine urothelial carcinoma?
cox-2 inhibitors
chemotherapy
goal is to stabilize tumor and prevent symptoms and progression
what is feline urothelial carcinoma treatment?
improved outcomes with surgery
rare
cox-2 inhibitors
rule out lymphoma: not surgical if it is
what does bracken fern cause in cattle and sheep?
baldder tumors
ptaquiloside concentrates in bladder
what does ptaquiloside concentrating in the bladder cause?
chronic bladder inflammation and irritation
how common are renal tumors?
rare: <0.3% of tumors
what is the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma?
guarded
why do you see polycythemia with renal cell carcinoma?
overproduction of erythropoietin
clear cell subtype carries the __________ prognosis in renal cell carcinoma
worse
what is the prognosis of renal cystadenocarcinoma?
grave
does surgery work well for nephroblastoma?
variable: best when combined with radiation
what cells does hemangiosarcoma arise from?
mesenchymal stem cells
how is renal lymphoma diagnosed?
ultrasound guided aspiration
what is development of lower urinary tract tumors associated with?
exposure to carcinogens
what are some oncogenic viruses?
feline leukemia virus
bovine leucosis virus
avian leucosis virus
what must a malignant cell capable of replication need to do to develop into a tumor?
evade the immune system
recruit blood vessels
mutations continue to accumulate
how specific and sensitive is the cadet BRAF mutation assay?
85-99% specific
60-85% sensitive
is surgery a common choice for urothelial carcinoma?
no: complicated
how well do abdominal wall metastases from urothelial carcinoma respond to therapy?
very poorly
who did abdominal wall metastasies occur more frequently in?
those with cystotomy
do bladder tumors in ruminants have a synergistic effect with papillomaviruses?
yes
