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Urinary Pathophysiology > Developmental Diseases and LUTD > Flashcards

Developmental Diseases and LUTD Flashcards

1
Q

what is a developmental disease?

A

disease or malformations caused by errors in the sequential steps of development occurring before birth

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2
Q

metanephric tissue induced by bud to ___________________________________________________

A

condense and undergo mesenchymal epithelial transformation

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3
Q

what does the metanephric tissue cap form?

A

glomeruli
bowman’s capsules
nephron

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4
Q

what are some problems caused by failure of either the ureteric bud or metanephric blastema?

A

unilateral or bilateral aplasia seen in beagles and dobermans
hypoplasia may lead to CRD

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5
Q

is physical and functional maturity completed at birth for the kidneys?

A

no

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6
Q

neonatal dogs lack normal renal function for _____________

A

3-8 weeks

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7
Q

what is renal dysplasia/juvenile nephropathy?

A

disorderly development of renal parenchyma

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8
Q

what structures does renal dysplasia involve?

A

tubular, glomerular, and interstitial structures

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9
Q

what can cause small kidneys?

A

congenital hypoplasia
congenital dysplasia
acquired chronic kidney disease and fibrosis

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10
Q

what are some malformations related to ascent of the kidney?

A

renal ectopia: renal pelvic kidney (may lead to kink)
horseshoe kidney: kidneys fuse into one

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11
Q

what do familial glomerulopathies vary in?

A

inheritance
age of onset
underlying structural disorders
microscopic abnormalities

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12
Q

when are renal cysts significant?

A

when they replace/efface significant amounts of normal parenchyma

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13
Q

what is polycystic kidney disease?

A

congenital diseases caused by multiple mutations

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14
Q

what is involved in polycystic kidney disease?

A

kidneys
bile ducts
sometimes pancreas

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15
Q

when do polycystic kidney diseases often present?

A

renal failure later in life

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16
Q

polycystic diseases are often linked to _______________

A

monocilia abnormalities

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17
Q

who usually gets autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?

A

persian cats, persian-outcrosses
bull terriers

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18
Q

what causes renal and hepatic failure in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?

A

cysts arise in all segments of nephron

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19
Q

when does renal failure occur in animals with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?

A

adult onset of renal failure >7 years old

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20
Q

when does autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease appear clinically?

A

perinatal to juvenile

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21
Q

who usually gets autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease?

A

cairn and west highland white terriers

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22
Q

what are some ureteral development defects?

A

ureteral agenesis
ureteral ectopia

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23
Q

what are the main clinical signs associated with lower urinary tract disease?

A

pollakiuria
dysuria
stranguria
hematuria
complete urinary tract obstruction

24
Q

what are the clinical signs associated with upper urinary tract disease?

A

depression, anorexia
fever
vomiting
other signs of uremia
lumbar or abdominal pain
dairy cattle: decreased milk
weight loss, PU/PD
azotemia
neutrophilia

25
Q

what can cause lower urinary tract disease in dogs?

A

urolithiasis
lower urinary tract inflammation, infection, or neoplasia
trauma
stress incontinence
congenital abnormality
spinal cord abnormalities

26
Q

what is the urorectal fold?

A

divides cloaca and separates bladder from rectum

27
Q

what does a defect in the urorectal fold result in?

A

urethrorectal fistula
rectovaginal fistula

28
Q

what is the urachus?

A

conduit that drain bladder from fetus, joins and runs in umbilical cord

29
Q

what is a patent urachus and who is it primarily seen in?

A

urine comes out of naval during urination
foals

30
Q

what are some urachal/bladder defects?

A

patent urachus
urachal cysts
urachal sinuses
bladder diverticula

31
Q

what is a congenital disease?

A

condition existing at or before birth regardless of cause: may be result of genetic or environmental factors

32
Q

what is hereditary nephropathy?

A

syndrome in which a specific inheritance has been proven

33
Q

what does the metanephric cap induce the ureteric bud to do?

A

branch: forms collecting systems

34
Q

what is renal aplasia or renal hypoplasia caused by?

A

failure of either the ureteric bud or metanephric blastema

35
Q

true/false: microscopic hematuria may be normal in the first few days after birth and gross hematuria should not be investigated

A

false: yes to microscopic but gross should be investigated

36
Q

what are the potential causes of renal dysplasia/juvenile nephropathy?

A

intrauterine toxin exposure or viral infection
hereditary defect

37
Q

in renal dysplasia, the structures are ______________________________________________________

A

inappropriate to the stage of development of the kidney

38
Q

when does renal dysplasia causing chronic renal disease show up?

A

1 month to 10 years

39
Q

what can a renal pelvic kidney lead to?

A

kink

40
Q

what is a horseshoe kidney?

A

kidneys fuse into one

41
Q

what causes cystinuria?

A

sex-linked or autosomal recessive defect in cysteine transport

42
Q

what causes hyperuricosuria?

A

missing transporter for uric acid uptake: liver, kidney

43
Q

who is hyperuricosuria common in?

A

dalmations
bulldogs
shitzus
pugs

44
Q

who is renal glycosuria common in?

A

norwegian elkhounds
scottish terriers

45
Q

what are some hereditary basement membrane defects?

A

samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy
familial nephropathy of english spaniels
hereditary nephritis in bull terriers and dalmations

46
Q

true/false: renal cysts can be hereditary or acquired

A

true

47
Q

cysts are generally not significant, unless they __________________________________________

A

replace/efface significant amounts of normal parenchyma

48
Q

how does polycystic kidney disease present?

A

sometimes stillbirth or renal failure during first few weeks of life
often present later in renal failure

49
Q

what does urine flow cause in epithelial cells with monocilia?

A

Ca++ inlfux

50
Q

what is the defect with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?

A

polycystin-1 (PKD1 gene)

51
Q

where do cysts arise in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and how does the disease progress?

A

collecting ducts
rapid renal and hepatic failure

52
Q

what is ureteral agenesis?

A

failure of ureteric bud to form

53
Q

who is ureteral ectopia common in?

A

dogs- especially females

54
Q

is hematuria associated with upper urinary tract disease?

A

no

55
Q

is lower urinary tract disease likely to cause fever or affect CBC or chemistries?

A

no

56
Q

does lower urinary tract disease cause uremia and its signs?

A

no

57
Q

what can cause lower urinary tract disease in horses?

A

urolithiasis
urinary tract infection

Urinary Pathophysiology (11 decks)

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