Developmental Diseases and LUTD Flashcards
what is a developmental disease?
disease or malformations caused by errors in the sequential steps of development occurring before birth
metanephric tissue induced by bud to ___________________________________________________
condense and undergo mesenchymal epithelial transformation
what does the metanephric tissue cap form?
glomeruli
bowman’s capsules
nephron
what are some problems caused by failure of either the ureteric bud or metanephric blastema?
unilateral or bilateral aplasia seen in beagles and dobermans
hypoplasia may lead to CRD
is physical and functional maturity completed at birth for the kidneys?
no
neonatal dogs lack normal renal function for _____________
3-8 weeks
what is renal dysplasia/juvenile nephropathy?
disorderly development of renal parenchyma
what structures does renal dysplasia involve?
tubular, glomerular, and interstitial structures
what can cause small kidneys?
congenital hypoplasia
congenital dysplasia
acquired chronic kidney disease and fibrosis
what are some malformations related to ascent of the kidney?
renal ectopia: renal pelvic kidney (may lead to kink)
horseshoe kidney: kidneys fuse into one
what do familial glomerulopathies vary in?
inheritance
age of onset
underlying structural disorders
microscopic abnormalities
when are renal cysts significant?
when they replace/efface significant amounts of normal parenchyma
what is polycystic kidney disease?
congenital diseases caused by multiple mutations
what is involved in polycystic kidney disease?
kidneys
bile ducts
sometimes pancreas
when do polycystic kidney diseases often present?
renal failure later in life
polycystic diseases are often linked to _______________
monocilia abnormalities
who usually gets autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?
persian cats, persian-outcrosses
bull terriers
what causes renal and hepatic failure in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?
cysts arise in all segments of nephron
when does renal failure occur in animals with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?
adult onset of renal failure >7 years old
when does autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease appear clinically?
perinatal to juvenile
who usually gets autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease?
cairn and west highland white terriers
what are some ureteral development defects?
ureteral agenesis
ureteral ectopia
what are the main clinical signs associated with lower urinary tract disease?
pollakiuria
dysuria
stranguria
hematuria
complete urinary tract obstruction
what are the clinical signs associated with upper urinary tract disease?
depression, anorexia
fever
vomiting
other signs of uremia
lumbar or abdominal pain
dairy cattle: decreased milk
weight loss, PU/PD
azotemia
neutrophilia
what can cause lower urinary tract disease in dogs?
urolithiasis
lower urinary tract inflammation, infection, or neoplasia
trauma
stress incontinence
congenital abnormality
spinal cord abnormalities
what is the urorectal fold?
divides cloaca and separates bladder from rectum
what does a defect in the urorectal fold result in?
urethrorectal fistula
rectovaginal fistula
what is the urachus?
conduit that drain bladder from fetus, joins and runs in umbilical cord
what is a patent urachus and who is it primarily seen in?
urine comes out of naval during urination
foals
what are some urachal/bladder defects?
patent urachus
urachal cysts
urachal sinuses
bladder diverticula
what is a congenital disease?
condition existing at or before birth regardless of cause: may be result of genetic or environmental factors
what is hereditary nephropathy?
syndrome in which a specific inheritance has been proven
what does the metanephric cap induce the ureteric bud to do?
branch: forms collecting systems
what is renal aplasia or renal hypoplasia caused by?
failure of either the ureteric bud or metanephric blastema
true/false: microscopic hematuria may be normal in the first few days after birth and gross hematuria should not be investigated
false: yes to microscopic but gross should be investigated
what are the potential causes of renal dysplasia/juvenile nephropathy?
intrauterine toxin exposure or viral infection
hereditary defect
in renal dysplasia, the structures are ______________________________________________________
inappropriate to the stage of development of the kidney
when does renal dysplasia causing chronic renal disease show up?
1 month to 10 years
what can a renal pelvic kidney lead to?
kink
what is a horseshoe kidney?
kidneys fuse into one
what causes cystinuria?
sex-linked or autosomal recessive defect in cysteine transport
what causes hyperuricosuria?
missing transporter for uric acid uptake: liver, kidney
who is hyperuricosuria common in?
dalmations
bulldogs
shitzus
pugs
who is renal glycosuria common in?
norwegian elkhounds
scottish terriers
what are some hereditary basement membrane defects?
samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy
familial nephropathy of english spaniels
hereditary nephritis in bull terriers and dalmations
true/false: renal cysts can be hereditary or acquired
true
cysts are generally not significant, unless they __________________________________________
replace/efface significant amounts of normal parenchyma
how does polycystic kidney disease present?
sometimes stillbirth or renal failure during first few weeks of life
often present later in renal failure
what does urine flow cause in epithelial cells with monocilia?
Ca++ inlfux
what is the defect with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?
polycystin-1 (PKD1 gene)
where do cysts arise in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and how does the disease progress?
collecting ducts
rapid renal and hepatic failure
what is ureteral agenesis?
failure of ureteric bud to form
who is ureteral ectopia common in?
dogs- especially females
is hematuria associated with upper urinary tract disease?
no
is lower urinary tract disease likely to cause fever or affect CBC or chemistries?
no
does lower urinary tract disease cause uremia and its signs?
no
what can cause lower urinary tract disease in horses?
urolithiasis
urinary tract infection
