Urinary, Immune, and Skeletal Systems Flashcards
What is the function of the Urinary System?
Removes waste from the body and regulates blood
What features compost the urinary system?
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
What is the function of the kidneys?
Filter blood, converting waste to urine
What is the function of the ureters?
smooth, muscular tubes that transport urine from kidneys to bladder
urine is stored in the bladder before passing through urethra and expelled
What is the relationship of the urinary system to the cardiovascular system?
Urinary system has a role in maintaining blood volume and blood pressure
the kidneys monitor changes in BP, O2, and ion concentrations then secrets hormones to restore imbalances
What is the role of the Immune System?
to protect the body against disease
What does the immune system consist of?
several tissues and cells throughout the body that work together to monitor for general and specific threats to homeostasis
Innate vs Adaptive Immune System?
Innate immune system - born with these responses to quickly respond to general threats
Adaptive immune system: builds up over time that identifies specific pathogens that are attacking the body
What are the two types of Leukocytes (WBC)?
Phagocytes - destroy foreign cells
Lymphocytes - remember and recognize foreign organisms
Active vs Passive Immunity?
Active immunity: body’s defenses that are built over time
Passive immunity: passed from one person to another that gives temporary immunity (mothers to babies during development)
What are the 3 lines of defense of the Immune system?
First line defenses: occur before pathogens can enter the bloodstream (skin, saliva, mucous membranes, hair, stomach acid)
Second line defenses: innate immune cells in bloodstream
Third line defenses: adaptive immune cells tat target specific pathogens
What is the function of the Skeletal System?
supports the body, enables movement, protects internal organs, and generates blood cells
What features make up the Axial Skeleton?
skull, vertebral column, rib cage
What features make up the Appendicular Skeleton?
pelvis, shoulders, limbs
What are the 5 types of bones?
Long Bones
Flat bones
Short bones
Sesamoid bones
Irregular bones
What are the 5 types of joints?
Suture joints
Hinge joints
Pivot joints
Ball and socket joints
Ellipsoidal joints
What makes up the layers of the bones?
Compact bone - network of arteries and veins running through it
Spongy bone: allow bone to be strong without being heavy and allows room for bone marrow
