Digestive, Nervous, Muscular Systems

Question 1

What is the role of the Digestive/Gastrointestinal System?

Answer 1

To provide the body with food molecules that are broken down for energy and reassembled into structures the body needs for growth

also absorbs water, vitamins and minerals

Question 2

What parts of the body make up the Digestive System?

Answer 2

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, rectum, anus

Question 3

What is the pathway through which food travels?

Answer 3

Alimentary Canal

Question 4

What is the process of the Alimentary Canal

Answer 4

Mouth - breaks food apart
Esophagus
Stomach - secrets digestive enzymes
Duodenum to Small Intestine where nutrients are absorbed in bloodstream
Large Intestine - absorbs water and forms waste
Anus

Question 5

What are the accessory organs that secrete substances to aid in the breakdown of food?

Answer 5

Salivary Glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas

Question 6

What are the enzymes created during digestion to break down food?

Answer 6

Pepsin - acts on proteins
Lipase - acts on facts
Amylase - acts on carbs

Question 7

What muscular contractions move food through the digestive system?

Answer 7

Peristalsis

Question 8

What is the function of Mechanical Digestion?

Answer 8

includes processes that break food into smaller pieces without changing it chemically

ex: teeth chewing, stomach mixing with digestive juices

Question 9

What is the function of Chemical Digestion?

Answer 9

includes processes that chemically change food molecules and break them down into smaller parts that can be used by cells

ex: Saliva, stomach acid, liver, and pancreas

Question 10

What is the function of gastric juice?

Answer 10

Produced by the stomach, combination of hydrochloric acid that helps break down food

Question 11

What regulates the production of gastric juice?

Answer 11

Hormones and stimulated by factors such as smell, thought of food, or presence of food

Question 12

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 12

secretes amylase, lipase, nuclease, and several proteolytic (protein splitting) enzymes

Question 13

What is the function of the Liver?

Answer 13

creates bile that is stored in the gallbladder as needed
helps break down fats
removes toxins and aids in metabolic processes

Question 14

Which systems make up the Nervous System?

Answer 14

Central Nervous System (CNS) - brain + spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - nerves + sensory organs

Question 15

What 2 cells make up Nervous Tissue?

Answer 15

Neurons and Neuroglia

Question 16

What is the function of neurons?

Answer 16

transmit electrochemical signals to body

Question 17

What is the function of neuroglia?

Answer 17

surround and help maintain neurons

Question 18

What is the function of the CNS?

Answer 18

controls sensation + perception, thinking, movement

Question 19

What are the regions of the brain?

Answer 19

L + R cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, cerebellum, brainstem

Question 20

What makes up the PNS?

Answer 20

nerves that branch from CNS to the body

includes cranial and spinal nerves
includes somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 21

What is the function of the Somatic Nervous System?

Answer 21

controls voluntary and conscious activities

Question 22

What is the function of the Autonomic Nervous System?

Answer 22

controls involuntary and subconscious activities

Question 23

What structures make up a neuron?

Answer 23

Cell body - contains nucleus
Dendtrites - projections that receive messages
Long axon - transmits messages to cells

Question 24

What are the three types of Neurons?

Answer 24

Afferent - sends sensory signals to CNS
Efferent - sends signals from CNS to Muscular System
Interneurons - network that transmitsfrom afferent to efferent

Question 25

What is the function of the Muscular System?

Answer 25

works in conjunction with the skeletal system to allow movement

Voluntary - conscious movement (walking/speaking)
Involuntary - subconscious movement (breathing/digestion)

Question 26

What are the three types of muscles?

Answer 26

Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle

Question 27

What are the features of Skeletal Muscle?

Answer 27

• most abundant and controlled voluntarily (for the most part)
• tendons attach it to bones to create motion when muscles contract