Respiratory + Cardiovascular Systems Flashcards
What is the function of the Respiratory System?
receives and delivers O2 and remove CO2
also filters particles, produces sound, role in sense of smell, controls temperature + humidity of air in the lungs
What is the function of External Respiration?
Brings O2 from environment into the body
What is the function of Internal Respiration?
Transports O2 to all tissues and cells in the body through the blood
What is the function of Cellular Respiration?
Uses O2 to break down glucose molecules for energy
What parts of the body make up the upper respiratory tract?
Nose, sinuses, larynx, pharynx
What parts of the body make up the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea, bronchi, lungs
What muscles enable breathing and enable expansion of the lungs?
Diaphragm - enables breathing
Intercostal and Accessory muscles - enable expansion
In the lungs, what is the process of diffusion?
O2 and CO2 exchanged between air and blood
Where does diffusion occur in the lungs?
Alveoli
What is Ventilation?
The rate gas enters and leaves the lungs
What system controls ventilation?
Autonomic Nervous System
specifically medulla oblongata and pons
What parts of the body have receptors that can detect high levels of CO2?
Aorta, carotid artery, and medulla
What factors can affect the respiratory system?
Genetic (Cystic Fibrosis), Environmental (pollutants), Pathogens
What is the role of the Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System?
Delivers O2 and nutrients to cells in the body and carries away waste products for removal
What parts of the body make up the Cardiovascular (Circulatory) System?
Heart, Blood Vessels, Blood
What is the function of Arteries?
blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart
What is the function of Veins?
blood vessels that carry blood TOWARDS the heart
What is the function of blood?
Carry gases, nutrients, and waste throughout the body and are exchanged in capillaries
Where are red blood cells generated?
Bone Marrow
Constantly being replaced by new cells as they only last about 4 months
Where are white blood cells generated?
Bone Marrow
What is the role of White Blood Cells?
Involvement in body’s immune response
What is the role of Platelets?
Small structures that heal any ruptured vessels by clotting together
Oxygen binds to ____ in RBC.
Hemoglobin
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
R Atrium (upper), L Atrium (upper), R Ventricle (lower), L Ventricle (lower)
What is the function of the Atria?
General: upper chambers that receive blood
R Atrium: receives blood returning from body
L Atrium: receives blood returning from lungs
What is the function of the Ventricles?
Lower chambers that are more muscular and pumps blood from heart to the rest of the body.
What is the function of the Pulmonary Circuit?
Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
CO2 is removed and remaining O2 binds to Hgb, oxygenated blood is taken back to heart and circulated through Systemic Circuit
What is the function of the Systemic Circuit?
Delivers oxygenated blood to body
What is pulse rate?
Number of heart beats per minute
What is normal pulse rate?
60-100 BPM
What is Systolic Blood Pressure?
Pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts
NL: 120 mm Hg
What is Diastolic Blood Pressure?
Pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes
NL 80 mm Hg
