Urinary Images Flashcards
Name the pathologic process.
Name the disease process and what it is secondary to.
Mineralization
Uremic gastritis secondary to renal failure
Name the pathologic process.
Name the disease process and what it is secondary to.
Gastric ulcers
Uremic gastritis secondary to renal failure
Name the pathologic process.
Name the disease process and what it is secondary to.
Lingual ulcers
Uremia secondary to renal failure
Name the pathologic process.
Name the disease process and what it is secondary to.
Uremic stomatitis
Uremia secondary to renal failure
Name the pathologic process.
Name the disease process and what it is secondary to.
Uremic frosting = mineralization of intercostal pleura
Uremia secondary to renal failure
Name the pathologic process and what it is secondary to.
Parathyroid hyperplasia
Secondary to CRF:
Phosphate retention → decreased Ca++ → PTH release
Name the pathologic process and etiology.
Renal aplasia/agenesis
Etiology: congenital
Name the pathologic process and etiology.
Renal aplasia/agenesis with compensatory hypertrophy
Etiology: congenital
Name the pathologic process and etiology.
Renal hypoplasia
Etiology: congenital
Name the pathologic process and etiology.
Renal hypoplasia
Etiology: congenital
Name the pathology and etiology.
Horseshoe kidney
Fused at one pole, roughly near midline
Etiology: congenital
Name the pathology and etiology.
Multiple renal cysts
Etiology: congenital
Name the pathology and etiology.
Solitary renal cyst
Etiology: congenital
Name the disease, species, and etiology.
What other finding is common with this disease?
Polycystic kidney disease in cats
Etiology: autosomal dominant inheritance, defect in PDK1 gene
Also see: hepatic cysts
Name the disease and species.
Polycystic kidney disease in cats
Name the disease and species.
Polycystic kidney disease in cats
Name the disease and species.
Polycystic kidney disease in cats
Name the disease.
What is different about its manifestation in cats vs other species?
Polycystic kidney disease
Cats: autosomal dominant inheritance, kidney dysfunction at 3-10 y/o, kidney failure >7 y/o
All other domestic mammals: unknown inheritance, animals stillborn/die within a few weeks of renal failure
Name the pathology.
Acute renal infarct
Name the pathology.
Renal infarct after 2-3 days
Name the pathology.
Chronic renal infarct
Name the pathology.
Large renal infarct
Name the pathology.
Infarct of entire kidney
Name the pathology.
What is the pathophysology?
Papillary necrosis
Pathophysiology: NSAIDs (bute) → inhibits cyclo-oxygenase → decreases PGE2 → vasoconstriction in arterioles in juxtamed nephrons → ischemia & necrosis
Name the pathology.
What species is this common in?
Papillary necrosis
Horses
Name & describe the pathology.
What is a common cause of this?
Hydronephrosis
Dilation of the renal pelvis/calyces
Cause: often secondary to obstruction
Name the primary and secondary pathologic findings.
Primary: TCC
Secondary: hydronephrosis and hydroureter
Name the pathologies.
Hydronephrosis and hydroureter
Name the pathology.
Chronic, severe hydronephrosis
Name the pathology.
Define this pathologic process and the end result.
Glomerulonephritis
Alteration of structure of glomerulus involving one or more of the following: basement membranes, mesangial matrix, mesangial cells, immune complex deposition
End result: alter the filtration barrier → protein loss, ↓ GFR, renal failure
Name the pathology.
What clinicopathologic finding is most suggestive of this disease?
Glomerulonephritis
Clinicopathologic finding: proteinuria WITHOUT hemorrhage or inflammation (UPC ratio)
Name the pathology.
What are two eventual consequences of this pathologic finding?
Note: this is usually a histologic diagnosis
Glomerular amyloidosis
Clonsequences: progressive renal insuffiency, proteinuria
Name the pathology & special stain used.
What are two eventual consequences of this pathologic finding?
Glomerular amyloidosis - stained with Lugol’s iodine
Clonsequences: progressive renal insuffiency, proteinuria
Name the pathology, species, and etiology.
Embolic glomerulitis in a horse with actinobacillus equuli
Bacteria lodge in glomerular capillaries
Name the pathology.
Embolic glomerulitis in a horse with actinobacillus equuli
Bacteria lodge in glomerular capillaries
What finding suggests tubular degeneration?
Vacuolization of epithelial cells
The image on this side is NOT tubular degeneration, but a normal cat kidney (not to be confused with).
What findings suggest tubular necrosis?
Loss of cellular detail
Nuclear karyorrhexis/karyolysis/pyknosis
Increased cytoplasmic eosinophilia
Sloughing epithelial cells
What findings suggest tubular regeneration?
Increased cytoplasmic basophilia
Piling/crowding of epithelial cells
Nuclei with open chromatin pattern & prominent nucleoli
Mitotic figures
Name the pathology.
What is a major etiology of this and some examples?
Acute tubular necrosis or nephrosis
Etiology: toxicity
Examples: animal venom, abx, chemo drugs, cantharidin, contrast media, ethylene glycol, heavy metals, plants, mycotoxins
Name the pathology.
What is a major etiology of this and some examples?
Acute tubular necrosis or nephrosis
Etiology: toxicity
Examples: animal venom, abx, chemo drugs, cantharidin, contrast media, ethylene glycol, heavy metals, plants, mycotoxins
Name the two pathologic processes seen here.
Name the etiology.
Cortical necrosis and infarction
Etiology: shock (hypovolemia/hypotension)
What are the two causes of oxalate nephrosis.
What is the pathophysiology behind this process?
Ethylene glycol toxicity or oxalate containing plants
Pathophysiology: Ca oxalate crystals precipitate in renal tubules & cause tubular necrosis
Name the pathology, species and etiology.
Hemoglobinuric (pigment) nephrosis
Etiology: copper toxicosis in sheep
Name the pathology.
What findings suggest this?
What is the most common infectious cause?
Acute interstitial nephritis
Acute findings: edema, leukocyte infiltration, focal tubular necrosis
Infectious cause: leptospirosis
Name the pathology, species and proposed etiolgy.
What findings suggest this?
“White spotted kidney” of calves
Proposed etiology: bacteremia, usually E. coli
Findings: non-supparative interstitial nephritis with fibrosis
Name the primary and secondary pathologies.
What findings would suggest this?
Is this a common finding?
Chronic interstitial nephritis with secondary cyst
Chronic findings: leukocytic infiltrate, interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy
Common finding in older animals, but cause is usually not evident
Name the pathology.
What findings would suggest this?
Is this a common finding?
Chronic interstitial nephritis
Chronic findings: leukocytic infiltrate, interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy
Common finding in older animals, but cause is usually not evident
What histologic findings are common with a leptospirosis infection?
Which species usually gets renal failure?
Findings: tubular degeneration/necrosis, interstitial/tubulointerstitial nephritis
Most common infectious cause of acute interstitial nephritis
RF most common in dogs (pigs usually don’t get)
Describe the gross lesions.
What is the etiology?
Lesions: foci of hemorrhage and necrosis
Etiology: canine herpesvirus-1
Name and define the pathology.
What is the usual etiology?
Pyelonephritis
Common etiology: usually results from ascheding infection from lower UT, so typically have ureteritis and cystitis
Name and define the pathology.
What is the usual etiology?
Pyelonephritis
Common etiology: usually results from ascheding infection from lower UT, so typically have ureteritis and cystitis
Name and define the pathology.
What is the usual etiology?
Pyelonephritis
Common etiology: usually results from ascheding infection from lower UT, so typically have ureteritis and cystitis
Name the pathology, species and etiology.
Pyelonephritis in cattle from Corynebacterium renale
Name the etiology and species.
Stephanurus dentatus (parasite) in swine
Encyst in perirenal tissue, which communicate with renal pelvis
Name the etiology and species.
Dioctophyma renale (parasite) in mink/dogs/cats
Adults live in renal pelvis and are very destructive
Name the pathology.
Renal adenoma
Name the pathology.
Renal adenoma
Name the pathology.
Renal adenocarcinoma
Name the pathology.
Renal adenocarcinoma
Name the pathology and species.
Nephroblastoma in a pig
Name the pathology.
Lymphoma
Name the pathology.
Urolithiasis
Name the pathology.
Urolithiasis
Name the pathology.
Urolithiasis
Name the pathology.
Urolithiasis
Name the primary and secondary pathologies.
Urolithiasis with subsequent bladder rupture
Name the pathology.
Nephrolithiasis
Name the pathology.
Necrohemorrhagic cystitis
Name the pathology.
Chronic cystitis
Name the pathology and etiology.
Emphysematous cystitis
Etiology: bacterial fermentation of urinary glucose to CO2, most commonly E. coli
Rarely we see in diabetic animals for this reason
Name the pathology and etiology.
Emphysematous cystitis
Etiology: bacterial fermentation of urinary glucose to CO2, most commonly E. coli
Rarely we see in diabetic animals for this reason
Name the pathology, disease, species and etiology.
Pathology: hemorrhagic cystitis
Disease: enzootic hematuria
Species: cattle
Etiology: bracken fern → toxic, carcinogenic
Name the pathology.
Benign or malignant?
Papilloma
Benign, but can undergo malignant transformation to TCC in dogs
Name the pathology.
Transitional cell carcinoma
Name the pathology.
Transitional cell carcinoma in the urethra
Name the pathology.
Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma
This is tissue from a rabbit.
Name the pathology.
Lymphoma
This is tissue from a cat.
Name the pathology.
Hydronephrosis and hydroureter
(bc kidney architecture still there)
This is tissue from a dog.
Name the pathology.
Pyelonephritis
(radiates out, but doesn’t make it to subcapsular cortex = not infarct)
This is tissue from a horse.
Name the pathology.
Papillary necrosis
This is tissue from a sheep.
Name the pathology.
Acute tubular necrosis
Pale swollen kidneys
This is tissue from a calf.
Name the pathology.
Horseshoe kidney
This is tissue from a dog.
Name the pathology.
Acute renal infarct
This is tissue from a dog.
Name the pathology.
Emphysematous cystitis
This is tissue from a cat.
Name the pathologies.
Chronic interstitial nephritis and hypoplasia of other kidney
This is tissue from a sheep.
Name the pathologies and etiology.
Pyelonephritis, ureteritis, cystitis
Etiology: ascending infection
This is tissue from a cat.
Name the pathology.
PKD
This is tissue from a dog.
Name the pathologies present.
TCC of urinary bladder and unilateral hydronephrosis + hydroureter
This is tissue from a dog.
Name the pathology.
Chronic renal infarcts
This is tissue from a pig.
Name the pathology.
Nephroblastoma
This is tissue from a lesser kudu.
Name the pathology.
Chronic interstitial nephritis
This is tissue from a dog.
Name the pathologies and etiology.
Multifocal renal hemorrhage and necrosis
Etiology: canine herpesvirus
This is tissue from a primate.
Name the pathology.
Unilateral renal agensis
This is tissue from a ox.
Name the pathology.
Embolic nephritis
This is tissue from a dog.
Name the pathologies.
Pigment nephrosis and multifocal renal infarcts
