Cardio Images Flashcards by Chelsie Price

Name the pathologic process and how it results/examples.

Concentric hypertrophy

Increased systolic loads (increased afterloads)

Examples: aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, pulmonary hypertension in PDA, cats with hyperthyroidism (systemic hypertension)

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Name the pathologic process and how it results/examples.

Eccentric hypertrophy & dilation

Increase in diastolic load (increased preload)

Examples: AV or semilunar insufficiencies, arteriovenous shunts

Mass is usually increased, but walls are thin

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Name the pathologic process and what does this indicate.

What can this be seen with?

Subendocardial fibrosis

Best indicator or dilation in atria

Seen with either type of cardiac hypertrophy

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This image shows three sequelae to what pathologic process?

Name the sequelae.

LHF

Sequelae: pulmonary congestion & edema, LA enlargement

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This image shows a sequelae to what pathologic process?

Name the sequelae.

LHF

Sequelae: pulmonary edema

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This image shows a sequelae to what pathologic process?

Name the sequelae.

LHF

Sequelae: hemosiderosis “heart failure cells”

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This image shows a sequelae to what pathologic process?

Name the sequelae.

RHF

Sequelae: passive hepatic congestion “nutmeg liver”

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This image shows a sequelae to what pathologic process?

Name the sequelae.

RHF

Sequelae: hydrothorax

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This image shows what pathologic process?

Define the pathologic process.

RHF secondary to pulmonary disease (dirofilariasis) = “Cor pulmonale”

(other causes - chronic obstructive pulmonary dz, PTE, neoplasia)

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Name the congenital abnormality indicated by the arrow.

What are the consequences?

Name the congenital abnormality indicated by the star.

Atrial septal defect

Consequences: excessive flow from LA to RA in neonate → RV dilation → elevated CVP & blood in lungs → pulmonary hypertension → RV hypertrophy → reversal of flow through defect → cyanosis

High ventricular septal defect

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Name the congenital abnormality, where is it located?

What are the consequences?

Ventricular septal defect in membranous portion

Consequences: pulmonary vascular resistance drops after birth → L to R shunt → RV/LV pressures equalize → eccentric hypertrophy of both ventricles → pulmonary hypertension → shunt reversal R to L → cyanosis → death

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Name the congenital abnormality, where is it located?

What are the consequences?

Ventricular septal defect in muscular portion

(none in neonate)

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Name the congenital abnormality.

How long after birth is this considered normal?

PDA

Normally closes within 5 days after birth

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Name the congenital abnormality.

Which arrow indicates the abnormality (top, middle or bottom)?

PDA

Middle

Top = aorta

Bottom = pulmonary artery

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Name the pathologic process.

What diseases does this commonly accompany?

Subendocardial hemorrhage

Associated diseases: septicemia, endotoxemia, anoxia, electrocution, trauma, agonal change

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Name the pathologic process.

What are 6 causes of this process?

Subendocardial mineralization

Causes: dystrophic (necrotic), metastatic (hyperCa), vit D toxicity, calcinogenic plant toxicosis in cattle, Ca:P imbalance, Johne’s disease

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Name the pathologic process.

What are 6 causes of this process?

Subendocardial mineralization

Causes: dystrophic (necrotic), metastatic (hyperCa), vit D toxicity, calcinogenic plant toxicosis in cattle, Ca:P imbalance, Johne’s disease

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Name this pathologic process.

What are 3 causes, in order of decreasing incidence?

What are some gross findings that are characteristic of this process?

Which anatomic location is most commonly affected?

Vegetative valvular and mural endocarditis

Causes: bacteria, parasites, fungi

Characteristics: large yellow/gray friable masses of fibrin on valves “vegetations” (fibrin, leukocytes, bacteria, granulation tissue microscopically)

Mitral > aortic > tricuspid > pulmonary

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Name this pathologic process.

Which portion of the heart is affected with this process?

Uremic endocarditis

Affected: left atrium

Ulcerative

Name this pathologic process.

What is it characterized by and which structure is most commonly affected?

Endocardiosis

Myxomatous valvular degeneration

Mitral > tricuspid

Name this pathologic process.

What is it characterized by and which structure is most commonly affected?

Endocardiosis

Myxomatous valvular degeneration

Mitral > tricuspid

This image shows a possible sequalae of endocardiosis, name the sequalae.

What are the other 6 sequelae of endocardiosis?

Left atrial rupture (also shown here)

Others: valvular incompetency, congestive HF (R or L), atrial dilation, jet lesions, hemopericardium, chordae tendinae rupture

Name this pathologic process.

What species is this usually seen in?

Why are these not of concern?

Hematocyst

Ruminants

Do not cause problems, regress within a few months after birth

Name this pathologic process.

What species is this usually seen in?

Why are these not of concern?

Lymphocyst

Ruminants

Do not cause problems, regress within a few months after birth

Name the pathologic process and specific cause. What species are affected? What do the arrows indicate?

**Myocardial necrosis** _Cause_: nutritional - *vitamin E/selenium deficiency* _Species_: lambs, calves, swine, horses LEFT: areas of necrosis RIGHT: mineralization of necrotic fibers

Name the pathologic process and specific cause. What is this disease process called?

**Myocardial necrosis** _Cause_: nutritional - *vitamin E/selenium deficiency* "Mulberry heart disease"

Name the pathologic process and specific cause. What species is this commonly in?

**Myocarditis** _Cause_: *Clostridium chauvoei* Cow

Name the pathologic process and specific cause. What species is this commonly in?

**Myocarditis** _Cause_: *Blastomyces dermatitidis* Dog

Name the pathologic process and specific cause. What species is this commonly in?

**Myocarditis** _Cause_: *canine parvovirus-2* Dog

Name the pathologic process and specific cause. What species is this commonly in?

**Myocarditis** _Cause_: *Trypanosoma cruzi "*Chagas disease" (protozoa) Dog

Name this pathologic process and underlying disease.

**Concentric hypertrophy** *Feline HCM*

Name this pathologic process and underlying disease.

**Concentric hypertrophy** *Feline HCM*

Name this disease process and species. What is this disease process associated with?

**Feline DCM** _Associated_: taurine deficiency

Name this pathologic process. What species is commonly affected and what is likely the underlying cause? What are the consequences?

**Excessive moderator bands (false tendons)** Feline - likely congenital, manifests in older cats _Consequences_: HF and death

Name the disease process and species/signalment. What is the underlying cause? What are some common gross findings and consequences?

**DCM** _Species/signalment_: dogs - young to middle aged giant/large breeds _Cause_: genetic, may be x-linked (some breeds) _Gross findings_: LHF, biventricular failure, all chambers dilated +/- subendocardial/atrial fibrosis _Consequences_: HF, unexpected death

Name the disease process and species/signalment. What gross finding is notable here?

**DCM** _Species/signalment_: dogs - young to middle aged giant/large breeds _Gross finding_: subendocardial fibrosis

Name the disease process and species/breed. What do the pale areas represent?

**Wooly coat cardiomyopathy** Bovine - wooly/curly haired Herefords Pale areas = necrosis

Name the pathologic process. Name some underlying causes.

**Hydropericardium** _Causes_: generalized anasarca, hypoalbuminemia, congestive heart failure, neoplasia

Name the pathologic process. How is this differentiated from the "true form"? What are the consequences?

**Hemopericardium** Clotted blood = "true" _Consequences_: rapidly results in death

Name the pathologic process and underlying cause.

**Serous atrophy of pericardial fat** _Cause_: cachexia of any cause

Name the pathologic process, species and underlying causes.

**Fibrinous pericarditis** Horse (Foal) _Causes_: Mycoplasma felis, mare reproductive loss syndrome

Name the pathologic process, species and underlying cause.

**Fibrinous pericarditis** Swine _Causes_: Haemophilus suis "Glasser's disease"

Name the pathologic process, species and underlying cause.

**Chronic constrictive pericarditis (purulent pericarditis)** Bovine _Cause_: result of traumatic perforation from FB in reticulum → purulent pericarditis → chronic constrictive pericarditis → severe cardiac dysfunction

Name the disease process.

**Aortic body tumor "chemodectoma"** This is a primary neoplasm of the heart

Name and describe the disease process What species can this be seen in? What is likely the origin?

**Rhabdomyoma** _Definition_: anomalous formations of perinatal cardiac myocytes _Species_: pigs \>\>\> cattle, sheep, dogs _Origin_: possibly Purkinje cell in swine

Name the disease process and species.

**Metastatic lymphoma** Dog