Urinary exam Flashcards
1
Q
major excretory system of the body
A
urinary system
2
Q
Bean shaped organs
A
Kidneys
3
Q
The back of the abdomen behind the peritoneum
A
Retroperitoneal
4
Q
Fibrous connective tissue surrounds each kidney
A
Renal capsule
5
Q
engulfs, renal capsule and act as cushioning
A
Adipose tissue
6
Q
Thin layer loose connective tissue
A
Renal fascia
7
Q
outer area
A
cortex
8
Q
Part of cortical tissue that extends into medulla
A
Renal columns
9
Q
Inner area surrounding renal sinus
A
Medulla
10
Q
cone shaped.
A
Renal pyramids
11
Q
Apex of pyramid, points towards sinus
A
renal papilla
12
Q
papillae extend into funnel of minor calyx
A
minor calyx
13
Q
converge to form renal pelvis
A
major calyx
14
Q
Enlarged chamber formed by major calyces
A
renal pelvis
15
Q
exits at the hilum; connects to urinary bladder.
A
ureter
16
Q
filtration part of a nephron
A
Renal corpuscle
17
Q
a segment in the renal tubule responsible for the reabsorption and secretion of solutes and water
A
Proximal convoluted tubule
18
Q
A u shaped portion of renal tubule within a nephron, responsible for creating a concentration gradient
A
Nephron loop
19
Q
a segment of the nephron in the kidney, playing a crucial role in regulating sodium, potassium, and Ph
A
Distal convoluted tubule
20
Q
the most distal portion of the collecting duct system in the kidney
A
Papillary duct
21
Q
specialized kidney nephrons with long nephron loops that extend deep into the medulla
A
Juxtamedullary nephrons
22
Q
a type of nephron, the functional unit of the kidney
A
cortical nephrons
23
Q
outer parietal and visceral layers
A
Glomerular (Bowman) capsule
24
Q
specialized epithelial cells
A
Podocytes
25
network of capillaries. blood enters through afferent arterials, exits through efferent arterioles
Glomerulus
26
Outer. simple squamous epithelium that becomes cube-shaped where Bowman’s capsule ends and proximal tubule begins.
parietal layer
27
inner. specialized podocytes that wrap around the glomerular capillaries
Visceral layer
28
window-like openings in the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries
Fenestrae
29
gaps between the cell processes of the podocytes. Basement membrane sandwiched between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries and the podocytes
Filtration slits
30
capillary endothelium, basement membrane and podocytes. First stage of urine formation occurs here
Filtration membrane
31
A cavity within the kidney that contains structures
renal sinus
32
specialized structure near glomerulus; site of renin production
juxtaglomerular apparatus
33
ring of smooth muscle in the afferent arteriole where the latter enters glomerular capsule
Juxtaglomerular cells
34
specialized tubule cells of the distal convoluted tube
macula densa
35
simple cuboidal epithelium with many micro villi
proximal convoluted tubule
36
first part similar to proximal tubule. later part simple squamous epithelium and thinner
descending limb
37
first part simple squamous epithelium and thin, distal part thicker and simple cuboidal
ascending limb
38
shorter than proximal tubule. simple cuboidal, but smaller cells and very few microvilli
Distal convoluted tubule
39
form where many distal tubules come together. larger in diameter, simple cuboidal epithelium. form medullary rays and lead to tips of renal pyramids.
collecting ducts
40
branch from abdominal aorta and form the segmental arteries
Renal arteries
41
Branches of larger arteries, that supply specific segment or regions of the body
Segmental arteries
42
Ascend within renal columns toward cortex
Interlobar arteries
43
branch and arch over the base of the pyramids
arcuate arteries
44
Project into the cortex
cortical radiate arteries
45
carry blood to the glomerular capillaries
Afferent arterioles
46
Are the sites of filtration
glomerular capillaries
47
exit the renal corpuscle
efferent arterioles
48
form a plexus around the proximal and distal tubules
peritubular capillaries
49
specialized parts of peritubular capillaries that course into medulla along with nephron loops, then back toward cortex
vasa recta
50
Small veins located within the renal cortex
interlobular veins
51
vessels of the renal circulation, located at the border of the renal cortex and medulla, where they receive blood from cortical radiate veins and deliver it to interlobular veins
arcuate veins
52
blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava
renal veins
53
veins of the renal circulation which drains the renal lobes
interlobar veins
54
water, small molecules, ions that can help pass through the membrane
Filtrate
55
part of total cardiac output that passes through the kidneys. varies from 12 to 30%; averages 21%
renal fraction
56
rate of whole blood flow through kidneys
renal blood flow rate
57
renal blood flow rate x fraction of blood that is plasma: 650 mL/ min
renal plasma flow rate
58
amount of filtrate produced each minute. 180 L/day
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
59
part of plasma that is filtered into lumen of glomerular capsules; average 19%
filtration fraction
60
it prevents blood cells and proteins from entering lumen of the glomerular capsule, but is many times more permeable than a typical capillary
filtration membrane
61
pressure gradient responsible for filtration; forces fluid from glomerular capillary across membrane into lumen of the glomerular capsule
Filtration pressure
62
blood pressure inside capillary tends to move fluid out of capillary into bowman’s capsule
glomerular capillary pressure (GCP)
63
Pressure of filtrate already in the lumen
Capsule hydrostatic pressure (CHP)
64
osmotic pressure caused by proteins in blood. flavors fluid movement into the capillary from the lumen. BCOP greater at end of glomerular capillary than at beginning because of fluid leaving capillary and entering lumen
blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)
65
A type of kidney disease that involves damage to the glomeruli, the tiny filters in your kidneys that remove waste and fluid from your blood
glomerular nephritis
66
Can damage glomerular capillaries
hypertension
67
The intrinsic ability of an organ or tissue to maintain a constant blood flow despite fluctuations and perfusion pressure
Autoregulation
68
A systemic BP increases, afferent arterioles constrict and prevent increase in renal blood flow
Myogenic mechanism
69
Increased rate of blood flow of filtrate past cells of macula densa, signal sent to Juxtaglomerular cells, afferent arterioles constricts
Tubuloglomerlar feedback
70
transport of water and salutes from filtrate into the blood; occurs as filtrate flows through the lumens of the renal tubule
tubular reabsorption
71
enters glomerular filtrate
urea
72
73
inside wall of renal tubules; microvilli in the PCT
Basal membrane
74
The movement of nonfiltered substances from the blood into the filtrate
tubular secretion
75
fluid in separate structure flows in opposite directions; materials may be exchanged as they pass
countercurrent mechanisms
76
In the nephron loop is responsible for much of the high salute concentration in the interstitial fluid of medulla
countercurrent multiplier
77
in the vasa recta maintains the high solute concentration in the interstitial fluid
countercurrent exchanger
78
interstitial fluid of medulla has a high solute concentration as compared to that of the cortex
Medullary concentration gradient
79
Surfaces between cells
lateral surfaces
80
in the distal convuluted tubule, a ______ is secreted for every sodium ion that is reabsorbed
Potassium ion
81
if your urine contains fewer potassium ions than your filtrate, then the potassium has been:
filtered and reabsorbed
82
which ions is actively transported out of the loop if Henle
chloride and sodium ions
83
what is an abnormal constituent of urine
Albumin
84
the collecting ducts are _____ to water when the hormone ______ is present
permeable; ADH
85
the portion of the nephron that maintains the hypertonicity of the renal medulla is the:
loop of Henle
86
the renal corpuscle consists of a ______ and ________
Glomerulus and glomerular capsule
87
the visceral layer of the glomerular capsule is part of the
filtration membrane
88
which substance would not be found in normal filtrate
albumin
89
most of the nutrients in the filtrate are reabsorbed in the
proximal convoluted tubule
90
when glucose spills over into urine it has
exceeded its transport maximum
91
what would be a result if an increase in systemic blood pressure
Afferent arterioles constrict
92
what will reduce the glomerular filtration rate
angiotensin ll
