urinary embryology Flashcards
What is the functional unit of the kidney called
Nephron
Describe the passage of urine through the body
Urine is produced by the nephron and goes down the collecting duct to the calyces and renal pelvis where it is then taken into the ureters - the ureters then open up into the urinary bladder and then the urine leaves through the urethra
What part of the mesoderm in embryology forms the urogenital system
Intermeddiate plate mesoderm
What does the lateral plate mesoderm form
body coverings and cavities
What does theParaxial mesoderm become
somites
What does the ectoderm form
neural tube and notochord
What does endoderm form
gut
What is the name of the condition where the lower ends of the kidneys fuse with each other and they cannot ascend up the abdominal cavity
horse shoe kidney
What happens to the yolk sac and allantoid sac and the embryo develops
The yolk sac grows smaller while the allantoid sac grows larger
What is the allantois
An out pouching of endoderm at the hindgut that extends into the body stalk
What does the body stalk form
umbilical cord
What does the urorectal septum divide the cloaca into
the rectum posteriorly and the urogenital sinus anteriorly
At birth what happens to the allantois
Allantois gets obliterated at birth to form the urachus and the urogenital sinus forms the urinary bladder
Where do the first pair of kidneys form
In the neck region called the pronephros
Where do the second set of kidneys form
Trunk region called mesonephros
Where do the third and definitive set of kidneys form
From a bud which comes of the mesonephros duct which forms the metanephric kidney and ureter
What week do the metanephros begin to function
The metanephros begin to develop at week 5 but begin to function at week 9 so the mesanephros function for the time inbetween
What happens to the mesonephros after the metanephros takes over
They get recycled and transformed into the testes or ovaries
What forms the renal cortex and medulla
The metanephric mesoderm
What forms the collecting system - calyces, renal pelvis, ureters and collecting duct
Ureteric bud
What is the definitive kidney formed from
The metanephric mesoderm which is part of the intermediate plate mesoderm
What does the nephron consist of
Renal corpuscle, proximal collecting tubule, loop of Henle, distal collecting tubule
What does the uriniferous tubule consist of
Nephron and the collecting duct
Describe the ascent of the kidneys
The kidneys originate on either side of the bladder but in the the development of the pelvis seem to ascend as there is more growth below them then there is above, so it appears as if they have moved up. The kidneys lie in the upper abdomen at T12-L3 and stop ascending when they come into contact with the adrenal glands
