urinary embryology

Question 1

What is the functional unit of the kidney called

Answer 1

Nephron

Question 2

Describe the passage of urine through the body

Answer 2

Urine is produced by the nephron and goes down the collecting duct to the calyces and renal pelvis where it is then taken into the ureters - the ureters then open up into the urinary bladder and then the urine leaves through the urethra

Question 3

What part of the mesoderm in embryology forms the urogenital system

Answer 3

Intermeddiate plate mesoderm

Question 4

What does the lateral plate mesoderm form

Answer 4

body coverings and cavities

Question 5

What does theParaxial mesoderm become

Answer 5

somites

Question 6

What does the ectoderm form

Answer 6

neural tube and notochord

Question 7

What does endoderm form

Answer 7

gut

Question 8

What is the name of the condition where the lower ends of the kidneys fuse with each other and they cannot ascend up the abdominal cavity

Answer 8

horse shoe kidney

Question 9

What happens to the yolk sac and allantoid sac and the embryo develops

Answer 9

The yolk sac grows smaller while the allantoid sac grows larger

Question 10

What is the allantois

Answer 10

An out pouching of endoderm at the hindgut that extends into the body stalk

Question 11

What does the body stalk form

Answer 11

umbilical cord

Question 12

What does the urorectal septum divide the cloaca into

Answer 12

the rectum posteriorly and the urogenital sinus anteriorly

Question 13

At birth what happens to the allantois

Answer 13

Allantois gets obliterated at birth to form the urachus and the urogenital sinus forms the urinary bladder

Question 14

Where do the first pair of kidneys form

Answer 14

In the neck region called the pronephros

Question 15

Where do the second set of kidneys form

Answer 15

Trunk region called mesonephros

Question 16

Where do the third and definitive set of kidneys form

Answer 16

From a bud which comes of the mesonephros duct which forms the metanephric kidney and ureter

Question 17

What week do the metanephros begin to function

Answer 17

The metanephros begin to develop at week 5 but begin to function at week 9 so the mesanephros function for the time inbetween

Question 18

What happens to the mesonephros after the metanephros takes over

Answer 18

They get recycled and transformed into the testes or ovaries

Question 19

What forms the renal cortex and medulla

Answer 19

The metanephric mesoderm

Question 20

What forms the collecting system - calyces, renal pelvis, ureters and collecting duct

Answer 20

Ureteric bud

Question 21

What is the definitive kidney formed from

Answer 21

The metanephric mesoderm which is part of the intermediate plate mesoderm

Question 22

What does the nephron consist of

Answer 22

Renal corpuscle, proximal collecting tubule, loop of Henle, distal collecting tubule

Question 23

What does the uriniferous tubule consist of

Answer 23

Nephron and the collecting duct

Question 24

Describe the ascent of the kidneys

Answer 24

The kidneys originate on either side of the bladder but in the the development of the pelvis seem to ascend as there is more growth below them then there is above, so it appears as if they have moved up. The kidneys lie in the upper abdomen at T12-L3 and stop ascending when they come into contact with the adrenal glands

Question 25

Why do the kidneys rotate after their ascent to T12-L3

Answer 25

So that the hilum of the kidneys face medially