radiology of the renal tract Flashcards
How long are kidneys
10-12cm
At what age do kidneys increase in size till
20
What genders have larger kidneys
Males have slightly larger kidneys
What is the renal blood flow
20-25% of cardiac output
1200cc/min
How much do kidneys weigh
120-170g
How long are ureters
25-30cm long
What are the 3 points of narrowing of ureters
PUJ - at the renal pelvis
Pelvic brim - where it enters the pelvis
VUJ - where it enters the bladder
Where do the ureters enter the bladder
The ureteric orifices at the trigone at an angle to prevent reflux
What are the indications of renal imaging
Renal colic and renal stone disease
Haematuria
Suspected renal mass
Recurrent UTI
hypertension
What is renal colic
Sudden severe flank pain
What is IVU
Intravenous urogram
What is done if we don’t want to expose patient to radiation in imaging
MRU will be done instead of CTU
What are the advantages and disadvantages of plain films imaging
They are cheap and readily available but have low specificity when compared to CT and MRI
They also have radiation
What is pyelography
Injection of contrast straight into the ureters - this is done less now due to CT and MRIs
Why are ultrasounds not effective in specific parts of the urinary tract
They have poor visualisation of the ureters
